No Arabic abstract
To study the effect of stress within the thin amorphous film generated atop Si irradiated by Ar+, we model the film as a viscoelastic medium into which the ion beam continually injects biaxial compressive stress. We find that at normal incidence, the model predicts a steady compressive stress of a magnitude comparable to experiment. However, linear stability analysis at normal incidence reveals that this mechanism of stress generation is unconditionally stabilizing due to a purely kinematic material flow, depending on none of the material parameters. Thus, despite plausible conjectures in the literature as to its potential role in pattern formation, we conclude that beam stress at normal incidence is unlikely to be a source of instability at any energy, supporting recent theories attributing hexagonal ordered dots to the effects of composition. In addition, we find that the elastic moduli appear in neither the steady film stress nor the leading order smoothening, suggesting that the primary effects of stress can be captured even if elasticity is neglected. This should greatly simplify future analytical studies of highly nonplanar surface evolution, in which the beam-injected stress is considered to be an important effect.
We present a model for the effect of stress on thin amorphous films that develop atop ion-irradiated silicon, based on the mechanism of ion-induced anisotropic plastic flow. Using only parameters directly measured or known to high accuracy, the model exhibits remarkably good agreement with the wavelengths of experimentally-observed patterns, and agrees qualitatively with limited data on ripple propagation speed. The predictions of the model are discussed in the context of other mechanisms recently theorized to explain the wavelengths, including extensive comparison with an alternate model of stress.
We perform the study of the stability of the Lorenz system by using the Jacobi stability analysis, or the Kosambi-Cartan-Chern (KCC) theory. The Lorenz model plays an important role for understanding hydrodynamic instabilities and the nature of the turbulence, also representing a non-trivial testing object for studying non-linear effects. The KCC theory represents a powerful mathematical method for the analysis of dynamical systems. In this approach we describe the evolution of the Lorenz system in geometric terms, by considering it as a geodesic in a Finsler space. By associating a non-linear connection and a Berwald type connection, five geometrical invariants are obtained, with the second invariant giving the Jacobi stability of the system. The Jacobi (in)stability is a natural generalization of the (in)stability of the geodesic flow on a differentiable manifold endowed with a metric (Riemannian or Finslerian) to the non-metric setting. In order to apply the KCC theory we reformulate the Lorenz system as a set of two second order non-linear differential equations. The geometric invariants associated to this system (nonlinear and Berwald connections), and the deviation curvature tensor, as well as its eigenvalues, are explicitly obtained. The Jacobi stability of the equilibrium points of the Lorenz system is studied, and the condition of the stability of the equilibrium points is obtained. Finally, we consider the time evolution of the components of the deviation vector near the equilibrium points.
A direct patterning technique of gallium-irradiated superconducting silicon has been established by focused gallium-ion beam without any mask-based lithography process. The electrical transport measurements for line and square shaped patterns of gallium-irradiated silicon were carried out under self-field and magnetic field up to 7 T. Sharp superconducting transitions were observed in both patterns at temperature of 7 K. The line pattern exhibited a signature of higher onset temperature above 10 K. A critical dose amount to obtain the superconducting gallium-irradiated silicon was investigated by the fabrication of various samples with different doses. This technique can be used as a simple fabrication method for superconducting device.
We prove the stability (instability) of the outer (inner) catenoid connecting two concentric circular rings, and explicitly construct the unstable mode of the inner catenoid, by studying the spectrum of an exactly solvable one-dimensional Schrodinger operator with an asymmetric Darboux-Poschl-Teller potential.
We study the stability of layered structures in a variational model for diblock copolymer-homopolymer blends. The main step consists of calculating the first and second derivative of a sharp-interface Ohta-Kawasaki energy for straight mono- and bilayers. By developing the interface perturbations in a Fourier series we fully characterise the stability of the structures in terms of the energy parameters. In the course of our computations we also give the Greens function for the Laplacian on a periodic strip and explain the heuristic method by which we found it.