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Register a new userA high phase-space density mixture of $^{87}$Rb and $^{133}$Cs: towards ultracold heteronuclear molecules
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We report the production of a high phase-space density mixture of $^{87}$Rb and $^{133}$Cs atoms in a levitated crossed optical dipole trap as the first step towards the creation of ultracold RbCs molecules via magneto-association. We present a simple and robust experimental setup designed for the sympathetic cooling of $^{133}$Cs via interspecies elastic collisions with $^{87}$Rb. Working with the $|F=1, m_F=+1 >$ and the $|3, +3 >$ states of $^{87}$Rb and $^{133}$Cs respectively, we measure a high interspecies three-body inelastic collision rate $sim 10^{-25}-10^{-26} rm{cm}^{6}rm{s}^{-1}$ which hinders the sympathetic cooling. Nevertheless by careful tailoring of the evaporation we can produce phase-space densities near quantum degeneracy for both species simultaneously. In addition we report the observation of an interspecies Feshbach resonance at 181.7(5) G and demonstrate the creation of Cs$_{2}$ molecules via magneto-association on the 4g(4) resonance at 19.8 G. These results represent important steps towards the creation of ultracold RbCs molecules in our apparatus.
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We report the observation of interspecies Feshbach resonances in an optically trapped mixture of $^{85}$Rb and $^{133}$Cs. We measure 14 interspecies features in the lowest spin channels for a magnetic field range from 0 to 700 G and show that they are in good agreement with coupled-channel calculations. The interspecies background scattering length is close to zero over a large range of magnetic fields, permitting the sensitive detection of Feshbach resonances through interspecies thermalisation. Our results confirm the quality of the Rb-Cs potential curves and offer promising starting points for the production of ultracold polar molecules.
We demonstrate coherent control of both the rotational and hyperfine state of ultracold, chemically stable $^{87}$Rb$^{133}$Cs molecules with external microwave fields. We create a sample of ~2000 molecules in the lowest hyperfine level of the rovibronic ground state N = 0. We measure the transition frequencies to 8 different hyperfine levels of the N = 1 state at two magnetic fields ~23 G apart. We determine accurate values of rotational and hyperfine coupling constants that agree well with previous calculations. We observe Rabi oscillations on each transition, allowing complete population transfer to a selected hyperfine level of N = 1. Subsequent application of a second microwave pulse allows transfer of molecules back to a different hyperfine level of N = 0.
We report the binding energy of $^{87}$Rb$^{133}$Cs molecules in their rovibrational ground state measured using an offset-free optical frequency comb based on difference frequency generation technology. We create molecules in the absolute ground state using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) with a transfer efficiency of 88%. By measuring the absolute frequencies of our STIRAP lasers, we find the energy-level difference from an initial weakly-bound Feshbach state to the rovibrational ground state with a resolution of 5 kHz over an energy-level difference of more than 114 THz; this lets us discern the hyperfine splitting of the ground state. Combined with theoretical models of the Feshbach state binding energies and ground-state hyperfine structure, we determine a zero-field binding energy of $htimes114,268,135,237(5)(50)$ kHz. To our knowledge, this is the most accurate determination to date of the dissociation energy of a molecule.
We report the formation of a dual-species Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}$Rb and $^{133}$Cs in the same trapping potential. Our method exploits the efficient sympathetic cooling of $^{133}$Cs via elastic collisions with $^{87}$Rb, initially in a magnetic quadrupole trap and subsequently in a levitated optical trap. The two condensates each contain up to $2times10^{4}$ atoms and exhibit a striking phase separation, revealing the mixture to be immiscible due to strong repulsive interspecies interactions. Sacrificing all the $^{87}$Rb during the cooling, we create single species $^{133}$Cs condensates of up to $6times10^{4}$ atoms.
We explore coherent multi-photon processes in $^{87}$Rb$^{133}$Cs molecules using 3-level lambda and ladder configurations of rotational and hyperfine states, and discuss their relevance to future applications in quantum computation and quantum simulation. In the lambda configuration, we demonstrate the driving of population between two hyperfine levels of the rotational ground state via a two-photon Raman transition. Such pairs of states may be used in the future as a quantum memory, and we measure a Ramsey coherence time for a superposition of these states of 58(9) ms. In the ladder configuration, we show that we can generate and coherently populate microwave dressed states via the observation of an Autler-Townes doublet. We demonstrate that we can control the strength of this dressing by varying the intensity of the microwave coupling field. Finally, we perform spectroscopy of the rotational states of $^{87}$Rb$^{133}$Cs up to $N=6$, highlighting the potential of ultracold molecules for quantum simulation in synthetic dimensions. By fitting the measured transition frequencies we determine a new value of the centrifugal distortion coefficient $D_v=htimes207.3(2)~$Hz.
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