No Arabic abstract
We have developed a Monte Carlo event generator for non-resonant diphoton ($gammagamma$) production at hadron collisions in the framework of GR@PPA, which consistently includes processes having additional one jet radiation. The possible double count problem in the generation of radiative processes is avoided by using the LLL subtraction method that we have applied to the weak-boson production processes. The subtraction method has been extended to the final-state QED divergence that appears in the $qg rightarrow gammagamma + q$ process. Because a parton shower (PS) which regularizes the subtracted QED divergence is still under development, we tried to use PYTHIA for the generation of the fragmentation events to restore the subtracted components. The simulation employing the old PS of PYTHIA shows a reasonable matching with the GR@PPA events, and the combined event sample shows a result in reasonable agreement with ResBos. We found that the contribution from $qg rightarrow gammagamma + q$ is significant in the LHC condition. This event generator must be useful for the background studies in low-mass Higgs boson searches at LHC.
We have developed a Monte Carlo event generator for non-resonant diphoton ($gammagamma$) production at hadron collisions in the framework of GR@PPA, which consistently includes additional one-jet production. The jet-matching method developed for initial-state jet production has been extended to the final state in order to regularize the final-state QED divergence in the $qg rightarrow gammagamma + q$ process. A QCD/QED-mixed parton shower (PS) has been developed to complete the matching. The PS has the capability of enforcing hard-photon radiation, and small-$Q^{2}$ photon radiations that are not covered by the PS are supplemented by using a fragmentation function. The generated events can be passed to general-purpose event generators in order to perform the simulations down to the hadron level. Thus, we can simulate the isolation requirements that must be applied in experiments at the hadron level. The simulation results are in reasonable agreement with the predictions from RESBOS and DIPHOX. The simulated hadron-level events can be further fed to detector simulations in order to investigate the detailed performance of experiments.
An event generator for diphoton ($gammagamma$) production in hadron collisions that includes associated jet production up to two jets has been developed using a subtraction method based on the LLL subtraction. The parton shower (PS) simulation to restore the subtracted divergent components involves both QED and QCD radiation, and QED radiation at very small $Q^{2}$ are simulated by referring to a fragmentation function (FF). The PS/FF simulation has the ability to enforce the radiation of a given number of energetic photons. The generated events can be fed to PYTHIA to obtain particle (hadron)-level event information, which enables us to perform realistic simulations of photon isolation and hadron-jet reconstruction. The simulated events, in which the loop-mediated $gg rightarrow gammagamma$ process is involved, reasonably reproduce the diphoton kinematics measured at the LHC. Using the developed simulation, we found that the 2-jet processes significantly contribute to diphoton production. A large 2-jet contribution can be considered as a common feature in electroweak-boson production in hadron collisions although the reason is yet to be understood. Discussion concerning the treatment of the underlying events in photon isolation is necessary for future higher precision measurements.
We present a method to compute off-shell effects for processes involving resonant particles at hadron colliders with the possibility to include realistic cuts on the decay products. The method is based on an effective theory approach to unstable particle production and, as an example, is applied to t-channel single top production at the LHC.
The self-consistent approach based on similarity of inclusive spectra of hadrons produced in $pp$ and $AA$ collisions is reviewed. This approach allows us to describe rather well the ratio of proton to anti-proton yields in $AA$ collisions as a function of the initial energy at a wide range from a few GeV to a few TeV. We suggest its modification due to the quark-gluon dynamics to describe the inclusive spectra of hadrons produced in $pp$ collision as a function of the transverse momentum $p_t$ at mid-rapidity. The extension of this approach to analyze the pion $p_t$-spectra produced in $AA$ collision at high and middle energies and mid-rapidity is given. The satisfactory description of experimental data on these spectra in $pp$ and $AA$ collisions within the offered approach is shown.
We have developed an event generator for direct-photon production in hadron collisions, including associated two-jet production in the framework of the GR@PPA event generator. The event generator consistently combines $gamma$ + 2-jet production processes with the lowest-order $gamma$ + jet and photon-radiation (fragmentation) processes from QCD 2-jet production using a subtraction method. The generated events can be fed to general-purpose event generators to facilitate the addition of hadronization and decay simulations. Using the obtained event information, we can simulate photon isolation and hadron-jet reconstruction at the particle (hadron) level. The simulation reasonably reproduces measurement data obtained at the LHC concerning not only the inclusive photon spectrum, but also the correlation between the photon and jet. The simulation implies that the contribution of the $gamma$ + 2-jet is very large, especially in low photon-$p_{T}$ ($lesssim$ 50 GeV) regions. Discrepancies observed at low $p_{T}$, although marginal, may indicate the necessity for the consideration of further higher-order processes. Unambiguous particle-level definition of the photon-isolation condition for the signal events is desired to be given explicitly in future measurements.