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Register a new userConsistent simulation of direct-photon production in hadron collisions including associated two-jet production
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We have developed an event generator for direct-photon production in hadron collisions, including associated two-jet production in the framework of the GR@PPA event generator. The event generator consistently combines $gamma$ + 2-jet production processes with the lowest-order $gamma$ + jet and photon-radiation (fragmentation) processes from QCD 2-jet production using a subtraction method. The generated events can be fed to general-purpose event generators to facilitate the addition of hadronization and decay simulations. Using the obtained event information, we can simulate photon isolation and hadron-jet reconstruction at the particle (hadron) level. The simulation reasonably reproduces measurement data obtained at the LHC concerning not only the inclusive photon spectrum, but also the correlation between the photon and jet. The simulation implies that the contribution of the $gamma$ + 2-jet is very large, especially in low photon-$p_{T}$ ($lesssim$ 50 GeV) regions. Discrepancies observed at low $p_{T}$, although marginal, may indicate the necessity for the consideration of further higher-order processes. Unambiguous particle-level definition of the photon-isolation condition for the signal events is desired to be given explicitly in future measurements.
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An event generator for diphoton ($gammagamma$) production in hadron collisions that includes associated jet production up to two jets has been developed using a subtraction method based on the LLL subtraction. The parton shower (PS) simulation to restore the subtracted divergent components involves both QED and QCD radiation, and QED radiation at very small $Q^{2}$ are simulated by referring to a fragmentation function (FF). The PS/FF simulation has the ability to enforce the radiation of a given number of energetic photons. The generated events can be fed to PYTHIA to obtain particle (hadron)-level event information, which enables us to perform realistic simulations of photon isolation and hadron-jet reconstruction. The simulated events, in which the loop-mediated $gg rightarrow gammagamma$ process is involved, reasonably reproduce the diphoton kinematics measured at the LHC. Using the developed simulation, we found that the 2-jet processes significantly contribute to diphoton production. A large 2-jet contribution can be considered as a common feature in electroweak-boson production in hadron collisions although the reason is yet to be understood. Discussion concerning the treatment of the underlying events in photon isolation is necessary for future higher precision measurements.
We present a calculation of direct photon production at next-to-leading order of QCD and a matching of this calculation with parton showers using POWHEG BOX. Based on simulations with POWHEG+PYTHIA, we perform a detailed phenomenological analysis of PHENIX data on prompt photon production and photon-hadron jet correlations in pp collisions at RHIC, considerably improving the description of these data with respect to previous calculations, and we suggest additional interesting analyses.
The $phi_{eta}^{*}$ distribution of the $Z/gamma^{*} rightarrow ell^{+}ell^{-}$ production in hadron collisions is simulated using a leading-order event generator, GR@PPA. The initial-state parton shower, which simulates the multiple QCD-radiation effects in the initial state, plays the dominant role in this simulation. The simulation in the default setting agrees with the high-statistics measurement by ATLAS at LHC with the precision at the level of 5%. The observed systematic deviation, which can be attributed to the effects of ignored higher-order contributions, can be reduced by adjusting the arbitrary energy scales in the simulation. The agreement at the level of 1% can be achieved over a very wide range without introducing any modification in the implemented naive leading-logarithmic parton shower.
Recent progress in application of higher order QCD calculations to jet and inclusive particle production in photon induced collisions is reviewed. Attention is paid to theoretical uncertainties of such calculations, particularly those coming from the choice of renormalization and factorization scales.
We have developed a Monte Carlo event generator for non-resonant diphoton ($gammagamma$) production at hadron collisions in the framework of GR@PPA, which consistently includes additional one-jet production. The jet-matching method developed for initial-state jet production has been extended to the final state in order to regularize the final-state QED divergence in the $qg rightarrow gammagamma + q$ process. A QCD/QED-mixed parton shower (PS) has been developed to complete the matching. The PS has the capability of enforcing hard-photon radiation, and small-$Q^{2}$ photon radiations that are not covered by the PS are supplemented by using a fragmentation function. The generated events can be passed to general-purpose event generators in order to perform the simulations down to the hadron level. Thus, we can simulate the isolation requirements that must be applied in experiments at the hadron level. The simulation results are in reasonable agreement with the predictions from RESBOS and DIPHOX. The simulated hadron-level events can be further fed to detector simulations in order to investigate the detailed performance of experiments.
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