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Register a new userMagnetoplasmons and SU(4) symmetry in graphene
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We study magnetoplasmons or neutral collective excitations of graphene in a strong perpendicular magnetic field, which can be modelled as bound electron-hole pairs. The SU(4) symmetry of graphene arising from spin and valley pseudospin degrees of freedom is explored using Young diagrams to correctly predict the degeneracies of these excitations. The multiplet structure of the states is identical to that of mesons composed of first and second generation quarks.
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We have observed propagation of Edge Magneto-Plasmon (EMP) modes in graphene in the Quantum Hall regime by performing picosecond time of flight measurements between narrow contacts on the perimeter of micrometric exfoliated graphene. We find the propagation to be chiral with low attenuation and to have a velocity which is quantized on Hall plateaus. The velocity has two contributions, one arising from the Hall conductivity and the other from carrier drift along the edge, which we were able to separate by their different filling factor dependence. The drift component is found to be slightly less than the Fermi velocity as expected for graphene dynamics in an abrupt edge potential. The Hall conduction contribution is slower than expected and indicates a characteristic length in the Coulomb potential from the Hall charge of about 500 nm. The experiment illustrates how EMP can be coupled to the electromagnetic field, opening the perspective of GHz to THz chiral plasmonics applications to devices such as voltage controlled phase shifters, circulators, switches and compact, tunable ring resonators.
We investigate electron dynamics at the graphene edge by studying the propagation of collective edge magnetoplasmon (EMP) excitations. By timing the travel of narrow wave-packets on picosecond time scales around exfoliated samples, we find chiral propagation with low attenuation at a velocity which is quantized on Hall plateaus. We extract the carrier drift contribution from the EMP propagation and find it to be slightly less than the Fermi velocity, as expected for an abrupt edge. We also extract the characteristic length for Coulomb interaction at the edge and find it to be smaller than for soft, depletion edge systems.
We investigate intrinsic and extrinsic decay of edge magnetoplasmons (EMPs) in graphene quantum Hall (QH) systems by high-frequency electronic measurements. From EMP resonances in disk shaped graphene, we show that the dispersion relation of EMPs is nonlinear due to interactions, giving rise to intrinsic decay of EMP wavepacket. We also identify extrinsic dissipation mechanisms due to interaction with localized states in bulk graphene from the decay time of EMP wavepackets. We indicate that, owing to the unique linear and gapless band structure, EMP dissipation in graphene can be lower than that in GaAs systems.
Understanding the interplay between many-body phenomena and non-equilibrium in systems with entangled spin and orbital degrees of freedom is a central objective in nano-electronics. We demonstrate that the combination of Coulomb interaction, spin-orbit coupling and valley mixing results in a particular selection of the inelastic virtual processes contributing to the Kondo resonance in carbon nanotubes at low temperatures. This effect is dictated by conjugation properties of the underlying carbon nanotube spectrum at zero and finite magnetic field. Our measurements on a clean carbon nanotube are complemented by calculations based on a new approach to the non-equilibrium Kondo problem which well reproduces the rich experimental observations in Kondo transport.
We study symmetry-broken phases in twisted bilayer graphene at small filling above charge neutrality and at Van Hove filling. We argue that the Landau functionals for the particle-hole order parameters at these fillings both have an approximate SU(4) symmetry, but differ in the sign of quartic terms. We determine the order parameter manifold of the ground state and analyze its excitations. For small fillings, we find a strong 1st-order transition to an SU(3)$otimes$U(1) manifold of orders that break spin-valley symmetry and induce a 3-1 splitting of fermionic excitations. For Van Hove filling, we find a weak 1st-order transition to an SO(4)$otimes$U(1) manifold of orders that preserves the two-fold band degeneracy. We discuss the effect of particle-hole orders on superconductivity and compare with strong-coupling approaches.
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