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Register a new userLattice Boltzmann models for non-ideal fluids with arrested phase-separation
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The effects of mid-range repulsion in Lattice Boltzmann models on the coalescence/breakup behaviour of single-component, non-ideal fluids are investigated. It is found that mid-range repulsive interactions allow the formation of spray-like, multi-droplet configurations, with droplet size directly related to the strength of the repulsive interaction. The simulations show that just a tiny ten-percent of mid-range repulsive pseudo-energy can boost the surface/volume ratio of the phase- separated fluid by nearly two orders of magnitude. Drawing upon a formal analogy with magnetic Ising systems, a pseudo-potential energy is defined, which is found to behave like a quasi-conserved quantity for most of the time-evolution. This offers a useful quantitative indicator of the stability of the various configurations, thus helping the task of their interpretation and classification. The present approach appears to be a promising tool for the computational modelling of complex flow phenomena, such as atomization, spray formation and micro-emulsions, break-up phenomena and possibly glassy-like systems as well.
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Most biological fluids are viscoelastic, meaning that they have elastic properties in addition to the dissipative properties found in Newtonian fluids. Computational models can help us understand viscoelastic flow, but are often limited in how they deal with complex flow geometries and suspended particles. Here, we present a lattice Boltzmann solver for Oldroyd-B fluids that can handle arbitrarily-shaped fixed and moving boundary conditions, which makes it ideally suited for the simulation of confined colloidal suspensions. We validate our method using several standard rheological setups, and additionally study a single sedimenting colloid, also finding good agreement with literature. Our approach can readily be extended to constitutive equations other than Oldroyd-B. This flexibility and the handling of complex boundaries holds promise for the study of microswimmers in viscoelastic fluids.
The squirmer is a simple yet instructive model for microswimmers, which employs an effective slip velocity on the surface of a spherical swimmer to describe its self-propulsion. We solve the hydrodynamic flow problem with the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method, which is well-suited for time-dependent problems involving complex boundary conditions. Incorporating the squirmer into LB is relatively straight-forward, but requires an unexpectedly fine grid resolution to capture the physical flow fields and behaviors accurately. We demonstrate this using four basic hydrodynamic tests: Two for the far-field flow---accuracy of the hydrodynamic moments and squirmer-squirmer interactions---and two that require the near field to be accurately resolved---a squirmer confined to a tube and one scattering off a spherical obstacle---which LB is capable of doing down to the grid resolution. We find good agreement with (numerical) results obtained using other hydrodynamic solvers in the same geometries and identify a minimum required resolution to achieve this reproduction. We discuss our algorithm in the context of other hydrodynamic solvers and present an outlook on its application to multi-squirmer problems.
We propose a novel multi-domain grid refinement technique with extensions to entropic incompressible, thermal and compressible lattice Boltzmann models. Its validity and accuracy are accessed by comparison to available direct numerical simulation and experiment for the simulation of isothermal, thermal and viscous supersonic flow. In particular, we investigate the advantages of grid refinement for the set-ups of turbulent channel flow, flow past a sphere, Rayleigh-Benard convection as well as the supersonic flow around an airfoil. Special attention is payed to analyzing the adaptive features of entropic lattice Boltzmann models for multi-grid simulations.
A rigorous free energy model for ternary fluid flows with density ratio up to of order $O(10^3)$ is presented and implemented using the entropic lattice Boltzmann scheme. The model is thermodynamically consistent and allows a broad range of surface tension ratios, covering both partial wetting states where Neumann triangles are formed, and full wetting states where complete encapsulation of one of fluid components is observed. We further demonstrate that we can capture the bouncing, adhesive and insertive regimes for the binary collisions between immiscible droplets suspended in air. Our approach opens up a vast range of multiphase flow applications involving one gas and several liquid components.
Hydrodynamic interactions in systems comprised of self-propelled particles, such as swimming microorganisms, and passive tracers have a significant impact on the tracer dynamics compared to the equivalent dry sample. However, such interactions are often difficult to take into account in simulations due to their computational cost. Here, we perform a systematic investigation of swimmer-tracer interaction using an efficient force/counter-force based lattice-Boltzmann (LB) algorithm [J. de Graaf~textit{et al.}, J. Chem. Phys.~textbf{144}, 134106 (2016)] in order to validate its ability to capture the relevant low-Reynolds-number physics. We show that the LB algorithm reproduces far-field theoretical results well, both in a system with periodic boundary conditions and in a spherical cavity with no-slip walls, for which we derive expressions here. The force-lattice coupling of the LB algorithm leads to a smearing out of the flow field, which strongly perturbs the tracer trajectories at close swimmer-tracer separations, and we analyze how this effect can be accurately captured using a simple renormalized hydrodynamic theory. Finally, we show that care must be taken when using LB algorithms to simulate systems of self-propelled particles, since its finite momentum transport time can lead to significant deviations from theoretical predictions based on Stokes flow. These insights should prove relevant to the future study of large-scale microswimmer suspensions using these methods.
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