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Register a new userObservation of an Antimatter Hypernucleus
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Nuclear collisions recreate conditions in the universe microseconds after the Big Bang. Only a very small fraction of the emitted fragments are light nuclei, but these states are of fundamental interest. We report the observation of antihypertritons - composed of an antiproton, antineutron, and antilambda hyperon - produced by colliding gold nuclei at high energy. Our analysis yields 70 +- 17 antihypertritons and 157 +- 30 hypertritons. The measured yields of hypertriton (antihypertriton) and helium3 (antihelium3) are similar, suggesting an equilibrium in coordinate and momentum space populations of up, down, and strange quarks and antiquarks, unlike the pattern observed at lower collision energies. The production and properties of antinuclei, and nuclei containing strange quarks, have implications spanning nuclear/particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.
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An experiment with a newly developed high-resolution kaon spectrometer (HKS) and a scattered electron spectrometer with a novel configuration was performed in Hall C at Jefferson Lab (JLab). The ground state of a neutron-rich hypernucleus, He 7 Lambda, was observed for the first time with the (e,eK+) reaction with an energy resolution of ~0.6 MeV. This resolution is the best reported to date for hypernuclear reaction spectroscopy. The he 7 Lambda binding energy supplies the last missing information of the A=7, T=1 hypernuclear iso-triplet, providing a new input for the charge symmetry breaking (CSB) effect of Lambda N potential.
A double-$Lambda$ hypernucleus, ${}_{LambdaLambda}mathrm{Be}$, was observed by the J-PARC E07 collaboration in nuclear emulsions tagged by the $(K^{-},K^{+})$ reaction. This event was interpreted as a production and decay of $ {}_{LambdaLambda}^{;10}mathrm{Be}$, ${}_{LambdaLambda}^{;11}mathrm{Be}$, or ${}_{LambdaLambda}^{;12}mathrm{Be}^{*}$ via $Xi^{-}$ capture in ${}^{16}mathrm{O}$. By assuming the capture in the atomic 3D state, the binding energy of two $Lambda$ hyperons$,$($B_{LambdaLambda}$) of these double-$Lambda$ hypernuclei are obtained to be $15.05 pm 0.11,mathrm{MeV}$, $19.07 pm 0.11,mathrm{MeV}$, and $13.68 pm 0.11,mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. Based on the kinematic fitting, ${}_{LambdaLambda}^{;11}mathrm{Be}$ is the most likely explanation for the observed event.
Bound-systems of $Xi^-$--$^{14}_{}{rm N}$ are studied via $Xi^-$ capture at rest followed by emission of a twin single-$Lambda$ hypernucleus in the emulsion detectors. Two events forming extremely deep $Xi^-$ bound states were obtained by analysis of a hybrid method in the E07 experiment at J-PARC and reanalysis of the E373 experiment at KEK-PS. The decay mode of one event was assigned as $Xi^-+^{14}_{}{rm N}to^{5}_{Lambda}{rm He}$+$^{5}_{Lambda}{rm He}$+$^{4}_{}{rm He}$+n. Since there are no excited states for daughter particles, the binding energy of the $Xi^-$ hyperon, $B_{Xi^-}$, in $^{14}_{}{rm N}$ nucleus was uniquely determined to be 6.27 $pm$ 0.27 MeV. Another $Xi^-$--$^{14}_{}{rm N}$ system via the decay $^{9}_{Lambda}{rm Be}$ + $^{5}_{Lambda}{rm He}$ + n brings a $B_{Xi^-}$ value, 8.00 $pm$ 0.77 MeV or 4.96 $pm$ 0.77 MeV, where the two possible values of $B_{Xi^-}$ correspond to the ground and the excited states of the daughter $^{9}_{Lambda}{rm Be}$ nucleus, respectively. Because the $B_{Xi^-}$ values are larger than those of the previously reported events (KISO and IBUKI), which are both interpreted as the nuclear $1p$ state of the $Xi^-$--$^{14}_{}{rm N}$ system, these new events give the first indication of the nuclear $1s$ state of the $Xi$ hypernucleus, $^{15}_{Xi}{rm C}$.
We report on the first observation of $gamma$ rays emitted from an $sd$-shell hypernucleus, $rm ^{19}_{Lambda}F$. The energy spacing between the ground state doublet, $1/2^{+}$ and $3/2^{+}$ states, of $rm ^{19}_{Lambda}F$ is determined to be $rm 315.5 pm 0.4 (stat) ^{+0.6}_{-0.5} (syst)~keV$ by measuring the $gamma$-ray energy from the $M1(3/2^{+} rightarrow 1/2^{+})$ transition. In addition, three $gamma$-ray peaks were observed and assigned as $E2(5/2^{+} rightarrow 1/2^{+})$, $E1(1/2^{-} rightarrow 1/2^{+})$, and $E1(1/2^{-} rightarrow 3/2^{+})$ transitions. The excitation energies of the $5/2^{+}$ and $1/2^{-}$ states are determined to be $rm 895.2 pm 0.3 (stat) pm 0.5 (syst)~keV$ and $rm 1265.6 pm 1.2 (stat) ^{+0.7}_{-0.5} (syst)~keV$, respectively. It is found that the ground state doublet spacing is well described by theoretical models based on existing $s$- and $p$-shell hypernuclear data.
Search for the neutron-rich hypernucleus 9LHe is reported by the FINUDA experiment at DAFNE, INFN-LNF, studying (pi+, pi-) pairs in coincidence from the K-stop + 9Be --> 9LHe + pi+ production reaction followed by 9LHe --> 9Li + pi- weak decay. An upper limit of the production rate of 9LHe undergoing this two-body pi- decay is determined to be (2.3 +/- 1.9) 10-6/K-stop at 90% confidence level.
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