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Register a new userThe evolution of the Earth-Moon system based on the dark matter field fluid model
تطور نظام الأرض والقمر بناءً على نموذج السائل المجال الغيبوبة
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Hongjun Pan
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توصف تطور نظام الأرض والقمر بواسطة الموديل السائل الحقل الغير مرئي الذي تم اقتراحه في اجتماع الشعبة الفلكية والحقلية 2004، الجمعية الفيزيائية الأمريكية. السلوك الحالي لنظام الأرض والقمر يتوافق بشكل جيد مع هذا النموذج والنمط العام لتطور نظام القمر والأرض الذي يوصفه هذا النموذج يتوافق مع الأدلة الجيولوجية والأثرية. أقرب مسافة للقمر من الأرض كانت حوالي 259000 كم في 4.5 مليار سنة مضت، وهو بعيد عن حدود روش. يشير النتيجة إلى أن الاحتكاك المضطرب لا يمكن أن يكون السبب الأساسي لتطور نظام الأرض والقمر. الثابت السائل الحقل الغير مرئي المتوسط الذي تم الحصول عليه من بيانات نظام الأرض والقمر هو 4.39 × 10 ^ (-22) ث (-1) م (-1). يتوقع هذا النموذج أن تدوير المريخ يتخفف أيضًا مع معدل تسارع الزاوية حوالي -4.38 × 10 ^ (-22) راد ث (-2).
The evolution of Earth-Moon system is described by the dark matter field fluid model proposed in the Meeting of Division of Particle and Field 2004, American Physical Society. The current behavior of the Earth-Moon system agrees with this model very well and the general pattern of the evolution of the Moon-Earth system described by this model agrees with geological and fossil evidence. The closest distance of the Moon to Earth was about 259000 km at 4.5 billion years ago, which is far beyond the Roches limit. The result suggests that the tidal friction may not be the primary cause for the evolution of the Earth-Moon system. The average dark matter field fluid constant derived from Earth-Moon system data is 4.39 x 10^(-22) s^(-1)m^(-1). This model predicts that the Marss rotation is also slowing with the angular acceleration rate about -4.38 x 10^(-22) rad s^(-2).
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New and complimentary constraints are placed on the spin-independent interactions of dark matter with baryonic matter. Similar to the Earth and other planets, the Moon does not have any major internal heat source. We derive constraints by comparing the rate of energy deposit by dark matter annihilations in the Moon to 12 mW/m$^2$ as measured by the Apollo mission. For light dark matter of mass $mathcal{O}(10)$ GeV, we also examine the possibility of dark matter annihilations in the Moon limb. In this case, we place constraints by comparing the photon flux from such annihilations to that of the Fermi-LAT measurement of $10^{-4}$ MeV/cm$^2$s. This analysis excludes spin independent cross section $gtrsim 10^{-37}$ $rm{cm}^2$ for dark matter mass between 30 and 50 GeV.
A giant impact origin for the Moon is generally accepted, but many aspects of lunar formation remain poorly understood and debated. Cuk et al. (2016) proposed that an impact that left the Earth-Moon system with high obliquity and angular momentum could explain the Moons orbital inclination and isotopic similarity to Earth. In this scenario, instability during the Laplace Plane transition, when the Moons orbit transitions from the gravitational influence of Earths figure to that of the Sun, would both lower the systems angular momentum to its present-day value and generate the Moons orbital inclination. Recently, Tian and Wisdom (2020) discovered new dynamical constraints on the Laplace Plane transition and concluded that the Earth-Moon system could not have evolved from an initial state with high obliquity. Here we demonstrate that the Earth-Moon system with an initially high obliquity can evolve into the present state, and we identify a spin-orbit secular resonance as a key dynamical mechanism in the later stages of the Laplace Plane transition. Some of the simulations by Tian and Wisdom (2020) did not encounter this late secular resonance, as their model suppressed obliquity tides and the resulting inclination damping. Our results demonstrate that a giant impact that left Earth with high angular momentum and high obliquity ($theta > 61^{circ}$) is a promising scenario for explaining many properties of the Earth-Moon system, including its angular momentum and obliquity, the geochemistry of Earth and the Moon, and the lunar inclination.
Observations of the interstellar medium by the Herschel, Planck etc. infrared satellites throw doubt on standard {Lambda}CDMHC cosmological processes to form gravitational structures. According to the Hydro-Gravitational-Dynamics (HGD) cosmology of Gibson (1996), and the quasar microlensing observations of Schild (1996), the dark matter of galaxies consists of Proto-Globular-star-Cluster (PGC) clumps of Earth-mass primordial gas planets in metastable equilibrium since PGCs began star production at 0.3 Myr by planet mergers. Dark energy and the accelerating expansion of the universe inferred from SuperNovae Ia are systematic dimming errors produced as frozen gas dark matter planets evaporate to form stars. Collisionless cold dark matter that clumps and hierarchically clusters does not exist. Clumps of PGCs began diffusion from the Milky Way Proto-Galaxy upon freezing at 14 Myr to give the Magellanic Clouds and the faint dwarf galaxies of the 10^22 m diameter baryonic dark matter Galaxy halo. The first stars persist as old globular star clusters (OGCs). Water oceans and the biological big bang occurred at 2-8 Myr. Life inevitably formed and evolved in the cosmological primordial organic soup provided by 10^80 big bang planets and their hot oceans as they gently merged to form larger binary planets and small binary stars.
Forming the Moon by a high-angular momentum impact may explain the Earth-Moon isotopic similarities, however, the post-impact angular momentum needs to be reduced by a factor of 2 or more to the current value (1 L_EM) after the Moon forms. Capture into the evection resonance, occurring when the lunar perigee precession period equals one year, could remove the angular momentum excess. However the appropriate angular momentum removal appears sensitive to the tidal model and chosen tidal parameters. In this work, we use a constant-time delay tidal model to explore the Moons orbital evolution through evection. We find that exit from formal evection occurs early and that subsequently, the Moon enters a quasi-resonance regime, in which evection still regulates the lunar eccentricity even though the resonance angle is no longer librating. Although not in resonance proper, during quasi-resonance angular momentum is continuously removed from the Earth-Moon system and transferred to Earths heliocentric orbit. The final angular momentum, set by the timing of quasi-resonance escape, is a function of the ratio of tidal strength in the Moon and Earth and the absolute rate of tidal dissipation in the Earth. We consider a physically-motivated model for tidal dissipation in the Earth as the mantle cools from a molten to a partially molten state. We find that as the mantle solidifies, increased terrestrial dissipation drives the Moon out of quasi-resonance. For post-impact systems that contain >2 L_EM, final angular momentum values after quasi-resonance escape remain significantly higher than the current Earth-Moon value.
We build a conceptual coupled model of the climate and tidal evolution of the Earth-Moon system to find the influence of the former on the latter. An energy balance model is applied to calculate steady-state temperature field from the mean annual insolation as a function of varying astronomical parameters. A harmonic oscillator model is applied to integrate the lunar orbit and Earths rotation with the tidal torque dependent on the dominant natural frequency of ocean. An ocean geometry acts as a bridge between temperature and oceanic frequency. On assumptions of a fixed hemispherical continent and an equatorial circular lunar orbit, considering only the 41 kyr periodicity of Earths obliquity $varepsilon$ and the $M_2$ tide, simulations are performed near tidal resonance for $10^6$ yr. It is verified that the climate can influence the tidal evolution via ocean. Compared with the tidal evolution with constant $varepsilon$, that with varying $varepsilon$ is slowed down; the Earth-Moon distance oscillates in phase with $varepsilon$ before the resonance maximum but exactly out of phase after that; the displacement of the oscillation is in positive correlation with the difference between oceanic frequency and tidal frequency.
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