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Register a new userDetermination and prediction of the fretting crack initiation: introduction of the (P,Q,N) representation and definition of a variable process volume
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In this work, the crack nucleation under fretting loading is investigated experimentally with a damage tolerant 2024 aluminium alloy. A new method is introduced to determine its condition with respect to all loading parameters including the number of fretting cycles. Further work deals with the prediction of this threshold using the Smith-Watson-Topper criterion. New developments are presented, in particular a process volume of variable size is introduced in the computations of the fretting crack initiation.
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This paper presents an experimental study of the fretting crack nucleation threshold, expressed in terms of loading conditions, with a cylinder/plane contact. The studied material is a damage tolerant aluminium alloy widely used in the aerospace application. Since in industrial problems, the surface quality is often variable, the impact of a unidirectional roughness is investigated via varying the roughness of the counter body in the fretting experiments. As expected, experimental results show a large effect of the contact roughness on the crack nucleation conditions. Rationalisation of the crack nucleation boundary independently of the studied roughnesses was successfully obtained by introducing the concept of effective contact area. This does show that the fretting crack nucleation of the studied material can be efficiently described by the local effective loadings inside the contact. Analytical prediction of the crack nucleation is presented with the Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) parameter and size effect is also studied and discussed.
In this work, the finite elements method (FEM) is used to analyse the growth of fretting cracks. FEM can be favourably used to extract the stress intensity factors in mixed mode, a typical situation for cracks growing in the vicinity of a fretting contact. The present study is limited to straight cracks which is a simple system chosen to develop and validate the FEM analysis. The FEM model is tested and validated against popular weight functions for straight cracks perpendicular to the surface. The model is then used to study fretting crack growth and understand the effect of key parameters such as the crack angle and the friction between crack faces. Predictions achieved by this analysis match the essential features of former experimental fretting results, in particular the average crack arrest length can be predicted accurately.
Crack initiation emerges due to a combination of elasticity, plasticity, and disorder, and it is heavily dependent on the materials microstructural details. In this paper, we investigate brittle metals with coarse-grained, microstructural disorder that could originate in a materials manufacturing process, such as alloying. As an investigational tool, we consider crack initiation from a surface, ellipsoidal notch: As the radius of curvature at the notch increases, there is a dynamic transition from notch-induced crack initiation to bulk-disorder crack nucleation. We perform extensive and realistic simulations using a phase-field approach coupled to crystal plasticity. Furthermore, the microstructural disorder and notch width are varied in order to study the transition. We identify this transition for various disorder strengths in terms of the damage evolution. Above the transition, we identify detectable precursors to crack initiation that we quantify in terms of the expected stress drops during mode I fracture loading. We discuss ways to observe and analyze this brittle to quasi-brittle transition in experiments.
This work deals with the characterisation and modelling of the curing process and its associated volume changes of an epoxy based thermoset resin. Measurements from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) define the progress of the chemical reaction. The related thermochemical volume changes are recorded by an especially constructed experimental setup based on Archimedes principle. Information on measuring procedure and data processing are provided. This includes investigations on compensation of environmental influences, long-term stability and resolution. With the aim of simulating the adhesives curing process, constitutive models representing the reaction kinetics and thermochemical volume changes are presented and the model parameters are identified.
Let Hom^N_d be the set of morphisms of degree d from P^N to itself. For f an element of PGL_{N+1}, let phi^f represent the conjugation action f^{-1} phi f. Let M^N_d = Hom_d^N/PGL_{N+1} be the moduli space of degree d morphisms of P^N. A field of definition for class of morphisms is a field over which at least one morphism in the class is defined. The field of moduli for a class of morphisms is the fixed field of the set of Galois elements fixing that class. Every field of definition contains the field of moduli. In this article, we give a sufficient condition for the field of moduli to be a field of definition for morphisms whose stabilizer group is trivial.
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