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Inverse proximity effect in superconductor-ferromagnet bilayer structures

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 Added by Aharon Kapitulnik
 Publication date 2008
  fields Physics
and research's language is English




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Measurements of the polar Kerr effect using a zero-area-loop Sagnac magnetometer on Pb/Ni and Al/(Co-Pd) proximity-effect bilayers show unambiguous evidence for the inverse proximity effect, in which the ferromagnet (F) induces a finite magnetization in the superconducting (S) layer. To avoid probing the magnetic effects in the ferromagnet, the superconducting layer was prepared much thicker than the lights optical penetration depth. The sign and size of the effect, as well as its temperature dependence agree with recent predictions by Bergeret et al..



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The magnetization in a superconductor induced due to the inverse proximity effect is investigated in hybrid bilayers containing a superconductor and a ferromagnetic insulator or a strongly spin-polarized ferromagnetic metal. The study is performed within a quasiclassical Green function framework, wherein Usadel equations are solved with boundary conditions appropriate for strongly spin-polarized ferromagnetic materials. A comparison with recent experimental data is presented. The singlet to triplet conversion of the superconducting correlations as a result of the proximity effect with a ferromagnet is studied.
We have studied the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of 51V nuclei in the superconductor/ferromagnet thin film heterostructures Ni/V/Ni and Pd{1-x}Fe{x}/V/Pd{1-x}Fe{x} in the normaland superconducting state. Whereas the position and shape of the NMR line in the normal state for the trilayers is identical to that observed in a single V-layer, in the superconducting state the line shape definitely changes, developing a systematic distortion of the high-field wing of the resonance line. We consider this as the first experimental evidence for the penetration of ferromagnetism into the superconducting layer, a phenomenon which has been theoretically predicted recently and dubbed the inverse proximity effect.
$mathrm{YBa_2Cu_3O_7/La_{2/3}Ca_{1/3}MnO_3}$ superconducting/ferromagnetic (SC/FM) multilayers have been studied by neutron reflectometry. Evidence for a characteristic difference between the structural and magnetic depth profiles is obtained from the occurrence of a structurally forbidden Bragg peak in the FM state. The comparison with simulated reflectivity curves allows us to identify two possible magnetization profiles: a sizable magnetic moment within the SC layer antiparallel to the one in the FM layer (inverse proximity effect), or a ``dead region in the FM layer with zero net magnetic moment. The former scenario is supported by an anomalous SC-induced enhancement of the off-specular reflection, which testifies to a strong mutual interaction of SC and FM order parameters.
Considerable evidence for proximity-induced triplet superconductivity on the ferromagnetic side of a superconductor-ferromagnet (S-F) interface now exists; however, the corresponding effect on the superconductor side has hardly been addressed. We have performed scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements on NbN superconducting thin films proximity coupled to the half-metallic ferromagnet La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 (LCMO) as a function of magnetic field. We have found that at zero and low applied magnetic fields the tunneling spectra on NbN typically show an anomalous gap structure with suppressed coherence peaks and, in some cases, a zero-bias conductance peak. As the field increases to the magnetic saturation of LCMO where the magnetization is homogeneous, the spectra become more BCS-like and the critical temperature of the NbN increases, implying a reduced proximity effect. Our results therefore suggest that triplet-pairing correlations are also induced in the S side of an S-F bilayer.
We investigate inverse proximity effects in a spin-triplet superconductor (TSC) interfaced with a ferromagnet (FM), assuming different types of magnetic profiles and chiral or helical pairings. The region of the coexistence of spin-triplet superconductivity and magnetism is significantly influenced by the orientation and spatial extension of the magnetization with respect to the spin configuration of the Cooper pairs, resulting into clearcut anisotropy signatures. A characteristic mark of the inverse proximity effect arises in the induced spin-polarization at the TSC interface. This is unexpectedly stronger when the magnetic proximity is weaker, thus unveiling immediate detection signatures for spin-triplet pairs. We show that an anomalous magnetic proximity can occur at the interface between the itinerant ferromagnet, SrRuO$_3$, and the unconventional superconductor Sr$_2$RuO$_4$. Such scenario indicates the potential to design characteristic inverse proximity effects in experimentally available SrRuO$_3$-Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ heterostructures and to assess the occurrence of spin-triplet pairs in the highly debated superconducting phase of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$.
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