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Register a new userQuantitative imaging of colloidal flows
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We present recent advances in the instrumentation and analysis methods for quantitative imaging of concentrated colloidal suspensions under flow. After a brief review of colloidal imaging, we describe various flow geometries for two and and three-dimensional (3D) imaging, including a `confocal rheoscope. This latter combination of a confocal microscope and a rheometer permits simultaneous characterization of rheological response and 3D microstructural imaging. The main part of the paper discusses in detail how to identify and track particles from confocal images taken during flow. After analyzing the performance of the most commonly used colloid tracking algorithm by Crocker and Grier extended to flowing systems, we propose two new algorithms for reliable particle tracking in non-uniform flows to the level of accuracy already available for quiescent systems. We illustrate the methods by applying it to data collected from colloidal flows in three different geometries (channel flow, parallel plate shear and cone-plate rheometry).
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We have analyzed the image formation and dynamic properties in laser speckle imaging (LSI) both experimentally and with Monte-Carlo simulation. We show for the case of a liquid inclusion that the spatial resolution and the signal itself are both significantly affected by scattering from the turbid environment. Multiple scattering leads to blurring of the dynamic inhomogeneity as detected by LSI. The presence of a non-fluctuating component of scattered light results in the significant increase in the measured image contrast and complicates the estimation of the relaxation time. We present a refined processing scheme that allows a correct estimation of the relaxation time from LSI data.
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Sublattice melting is the loss of order of one lattice component in binary or ternary ionic crystals upon increase in temperature. A related transition has been predicted in colloidal crystals. To understand the nature of this transition, we study delocalization in self-assembled, size asymmetric binary colloidal crystals using a generalized molecular dynamics model. Focusing on BCC lattices, we observe a smooth change from localized-to-delocalized interstitial particles for a variety of interaction strengths. Thermodynamic arguments, mainly the absence of a discontinuity in the heat capacity, suggest that the passage from localization-to-delocalization is continuous and not a phase transition. This change is enhanced by lattice vibrations, and the temperature of the onset of delocalization can be tuned by the strength of the interaction between the colloid species. Therefore, the localized and delocalized regimes of the sublattice are dominated by enthalpic and entropic driving forces, respectively. This work sets the stage for future studies of sublattice melting in colloidal systems with different stoichiometries and lattice types, and it provides insights into superionic materials, which have potential for application in energy storage technologies.
Using fast confocal microscopy we image the three-dimensional dynamics of particles in a yielded hard-sphere colloidal glass under steady shear. The structural relaxation, observed in regions with uniform shear, is nearly isotropic but is distinctly different from that of quiescent metastable colloidal fluids. The inverse relaxation time $tau_alpha^{-1}$ and diffusion constant $D$, as functions of the {it local} shear rate $dot{gamma}$, show marked shear thinning with $tau_alpha^{-1} propto D propto dot{gamma}^{0.8}$ over more than two decades in $dot{gamma}$. In contrast, the {it global} rheology of the system displays Herschel-Bulkley behavior. We discuss the possible role of large scale shear localization and other mechanisms in generating this difference.
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