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A general approach to find out exact cosmological solutions in f(R)-gravity is discussed. Instead of taking into account phenomenological models, we assume, as a physical criterium, the existence of Noether symmetries in the cosmological f(R) Lagrangian. As a result, the presence of such symmetries selects viable models and allow to solve the equations of motion. We discuss also the case in which no Noether charge is present but general criteria can be used to achieve solutions.
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Using dynamical system analysis, we explore the cosmology of theories of order up to eight order of the form $f(R, Box R)$. The phase space of these cosmology reveals that higher-order terms can have a dramatic influence on the evolution of the cosmology, avoiding the onset of finite time singularities. We also confirm and extend some of results which were obtained in the past for this class of theories.
Braneworld scenarios consider our observable universe as a brane embedded in a 5D space, named bulk. In this work, I derive the field equations of a braneworld model in a generalized theory of gravitation, namely $f(R,T)$ gravity, with $R$ and $T$, representing the Ricci scalar and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, respectively. The cosmological parameters obtained from this approach are in agreement with recent constraints from Supernovae Ia data combined with baryon acoustic oscillations and cosmic microwave background observations, favouring such an alternative description of the universe dynamics.
We investigate cosmological dynamics based on $f(R)$ gravity in the Palatini formulation. In this study we use the dynamical system methods. We show that the evolution of the Friedmann equation reduces to the form of the piece-wise smooth dynamical system. This system is is reduced to a 2D dynamical system of the Newtonian type. We demonstrate how the trajectories can be sewn to guarantee $C^0$ extendibility of the metric similarly as `Milne-like FLRW spacetimes are $C^0$-extendible. We point out that importance of dynamical system of Newtonian type with non-smooth right-hand sides in the context of Palatini cosmology. In this framework we can investigate singularities which appear in the past and future of the cosmic evolution. We consider cosmological systems in both Einstein and Jordan frames. We show that at each frame the topological structures of phase space are different.
The article communicates an alternative route to suffice the late-time acceleration considering a bulk viscous fluid with viscosity coefficient $zeta =zeta _{0}+ zeta _{1} H + zeta _{2} H^{2}$, where $zeta _{0}, zeta _{1}, zeta _{2}$ are constants in the framework of $f(R,T)$ modified gravity. We presume the $f(R,T)$ functional form to be $f=R+2alpha T$ where $alpha$ is a constant. We then solve the field equations for the Hubble Parameter and study the cosmological dynamics of kinematic variables such as deceleration, jerk, snap and lerk parameters as a function of cosmic time. We observe the deceleration parameter to be highly sensitive to $alpha$ and undergoes a signature flipping at around $tsim 10$ Gyrs for $alpha=-0.179$ which is favored by observations. The EoS parameter for our model assumes values close to $-1$ at $t_{0}=13.7$Gyrs which is in remarkable agreement with the latest Planck measurements. Next, we study the evolution of energy conditions and find that our model violate the Strong Energy Condition in order to explain the late-time cosmic acceleration. To understand the nature of dark energy mimicked by the bulk viscous baryonic fluid, we perform some geometrical diagnostics like the ${r,s}$ and ${r,q}$ plane. We found the model to mimic the nature of a Chaplygin gas type dark energy model at early times while a Quintessence type in distant future. Finally, we study the violation of continuity equation for our model and show that in order to explain the cosmic acceleration at the present epoch, energy-momentum must violate.
We study Dirac spinors in Bianchi type-I cosmological models, within the framework of torsional $f(R)$-gravity. We find four types of results: the resulting dynamic behavior of the universe depends on the particular choice of function $f(R)$; some $f(R)$ models do not isotropize and have no Einstein limit, so that they have no physical significance, whereas for other $f(R)$ models isotropization and Einsteinization occur, and so they are physically acceptable, suggesting that phenomenological arguments may select $f(R)$ models that are physically meaningful; the singularity problem can be avoided, due to the presence of torsion; the general conservation laws holding for $f(R)$-gravity with torsion ensure the preservation of the Hamiltonian constraint, so proving that the initial value problem is well-formulated for these models.
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