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Lecture notes on high energy cosmic rays

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 Publication date 2008
  fields Physics
and research's language is English




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I give a concise introduction into high energy cosmic ray physics, including also few related aspects of high energy gamma-ray and neutrino astrophysics. The main emphasis is placed on astrophysical questions, and the level of the presentation is kept basic.



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We review the theory of the temperature anisotropy and polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, and describe what we have learned from current CMB observations. In particular, we discuss how the CMB is being used to provide precise measurements of the composition and geometry of the observable universe, and to constrain the physics of the early universe. We also briefly review the physics of the small-scale CMB fluctuations generated during and after the epoch of reionization, and which are the target of a new breed of arcminute-resolution instruments.
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These lecture notes have been developed for the course Computational Social Choice of the Artificial Intelligence MSc programme at the University of Groningen. They cover mathematical and algorithmic aspects of voting theory.
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This is a set of lecture notes that developed out of courses on the lambda calculus that I taught at the University of Ottawa in 2001 and at Dalhousie University in 2007 and 2013. Topics covered in these notes include the untyped lambda calculus, the Church-Rosser theorem, combinatory algebras, the simply-typed lambda calculus, the Curry-Howard isomorphism, weak and strong normalization, polymorphism, type inference, denotational semantics, complete partial orders, and the language PCF.
162 - Ronald de Wolf 2019
This is a set of lecture notes suitable for a Masters course on quantum computation and information from the perspective of theoretical computer science. The first version was written in 2011, with many extensions and improvements in subsequent years. The first 10 chapters cover the circuit model and the main quantum algorithms (Deutsch-Jozsa, Simon, Shor, Hidden Subgroup Problem, Grover, quantum walks, Hamiltonian simulation and HHL). They are followed by 3 chapters about complexity, 4 chapters about distributed (Alice and Bob) settings, and a final chapter about quantum error correction. Appendices A and B give a brief introduction to the required linear algebra and some other mathematical and computer science background. All chapters come with exercises, with some hints provided in Appendix C.
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