Orange is used in the juice industry, yielding important quantities of by products.
Orange peel is analyzed for chemical composition and water holding capacity. Data show
that, it has high amount of crude fiber, phenolic contents and antioxidant ca
pacity, also it
has high level of water holding capacity. Biscuits are prepared from blendes which contain
a different proportion (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25)% of orange peel flour are also evaluate for
physical and sensory characteristics, chemical composition and rheological properties for
this blendes.
The sensory evaluation does not show any significant difference between control and
that adds with 10% of orange peel flour. Physical parameters, namely, diameter, thickness
and spread ratio were tested. The diameter and thickness of orange peel substituted biscuits
were decreased, whereas spread ratio of biscuits increase with increasing levels of it.
The data reveals that incorporation of orange peel powder in biscuits increase crude
fiber, ash, phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity, it decreases the carbohydrate
content. Rheological properties of the blended flour show increase in water absorption and
stability.
Addition of 40ppm xylanase enzyme reduce the hardness value of the sample in
general, it also decrease the spread ratio as compared to control samples with no enzyme
added.
Sensory evaluation results show good overall acceptability scores for the biscuits
contain 10% orange peel with and without xylanase.
This study was conducted during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 seasons in
Abu-Jarash orchards area in Damascus to identify the effect of improved
organic materials as sludge, manure and compost in improving some soil
physical characteristics and whea
t productivity. Results showed that the three
types of organic material affected the physical characteristics of the studied
soil. They decreased its bulk density, increased its total porosity and increased
its ability of holding water at field capacity. Results also showed that the
compost of city wastes was the best in improving soil physical properties. The
three organic materials, particularly the sludge increased the total productivity
of wheat (Sham3).