The Commercial Contacts between the South of Arabia Peninsula and the Region of Fertilized Crescent and Egypt During the First Millennium BC

This research focuses on the relations of the southern states of Arabian Peninsula namely states of Sheba , Ma’en , Qataban and Hadramout with their neighboring states in the middle east including Egypt , the fertilized Crescent and the Mediterranean. The research emphasizes the commercial relations exemplified by the heavy caravans carrying frankincense and Teeb (fragrance and associated herbs and ingredients) from the south into the northward lands. The research depends largely on the latest writings and recently revealed archaeological scriptures. However, the research is not only confined to address these commercial ties but also enlighten other relations including the economical, political and bilateral social and cultural influences of each part on the other. Indeed, the need for these products in the old world carried significant attention and economical growth due to substantial agricultural increase and technical innovations. Having these privileges, the Southern states of Arabia became susceptible to yearning of the great powers such as Romans, Persians, and Greeks. Studying old history of this region is no doubt will show how economy and commercial contacts can embody also further relations with respect to war , peace , and challenge .