Macular Thickness Measurements in Diabetic Patients Using the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

The OCT is a recent diagnostic tool for non-invasive tissue examination, which has been used in clinical practice since 1995. The OCT is similar to the ultrasonic tomography in that it relies on optical waves rather than ultrasound ones. The ability to obtain highcontrast images of the retina in a non-invasive manner has made this examination very important in retinal diseases associated with macula.. Therefore, our objective is to study the statistical values of the measurements of the macular thickness using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and the relationship of each value to age, sex, medication ,duration of diabetes ,and the visual acuity in diabetic eyes. Therefore, the accurate measurement of the macular thickness is important to follow up disease progression, evaluate treatment and accurately diagnose lesions of visual acuity. The thickness of the macula in the left and right eye was thicker in males than in females. We find out that the visual ability declines with age. For both left and right eyes, the thickness of the macula increases with age and the content of the macula correlates with its thickness and the period of the disease. There are no statistically significant differences of the thicknesses with different treatment types (insulin or pills),so we notice a correlation between the visual acuity and the thickness of the macula in both eyes ,so that the higher the thickness of the macula in diabetic patients ,the lower the visual acuity . In the study of the different parts of the macula, the internal part is thicker than the external part and the nasal part is thicker than the different parts of the macula, and the nasointernal part is the thickest.

Studying the Effects of Crab's Eye Extract and Some of Its Components on Glucose and Lipids Metabolism in Alloxan Diabetic Rats

A known weight of Abrus seeds powder were soaked in cِhloroformmethanol (2:1) and extracted for 18 hours, the mixture then filtrated and reextracted with equal volume of water and evaporated to dryness. The crude extract is regarded as cِhloroform-methanol extract of Abrus Seeds (crab's eye). Chloroform-methanol extract was analyzed by HPLC and GC-MS chromatography for identification and purification of the extract components. Trigonelline and Abrine were isolated, a solution of a definite concentration was made from crab's eye extract and its pure components, trigonelline and Abrine, then oral administration of this solution of a definite concentration were given to the Alloxan diabetic rats.