We propose a new thought experiment, based on present-day Quantum Information Technologies, to measure quantum gravitational effects through the Bose-Marletto-Vedral (BMV) effect by revealing the gravitational $t^3$ phase term, its expected relationships with low-energy quantum gravity phenomena and test the equivalence principle of general relativity. The technique here proposed promise to reveal gravitational field fluctuations from the analysis of the stochastic noise associated to an ideal output of a measurement process of a quantum system. To improve the sensitivity we propose to cumulate the effects of the gravitational field fluctuations in time on the outputs of a series of independent measurements acted on entangled states of particles, like in the building of a quantum cryptographic key, and extract from the associated time series the effect of the expected gravitational field fluctuations. In fact, an ideal quantum cryptographic key, built with the sharing of maximally entangled states of particles, is represented by a random sequence of uncorrelated symbols mathematically described by a perfect white noise, a stochastic process with zero mean and without correlation between its values taken at different times. Gravitational field perturbations, including quantum gravity fluctuations and gravitational waves, introduce additional phase terms that decohere the entangled pairs used to build the quantum cryptographic key, with the result of coloring the white noise. We find that this setup, built with massive mesoscopic particles, can potentially reveal the $t^3$ gravitational phase term and thus, the BMV effect.
The Riemann Hypothesis states that the Riemann zeta function $zeta(z)$ admits a set of non-trivial zeros that are complex numbers supposed to have real part $1/2$. Their distribution on the complex plane is thought to be the key to determine the number of prime numbers before a given number. We analyze two approaches. In the first approach, suggested by Hilbert and Polya, one has to find a suitable Hermitian or unitary operator whose eigenvalues distribute like the zeros of $zeta(z)$. In the other approach one instead compares the distribution of the zeta zeros and the poles of the scattering matrix $S$ of a system. We apply the infinite-components Majorana equation in a Rindler spacetime to both methods and then focus on the $S$-matrix approach describing the bosonic open string for tachyonic states. In this way we can explain the still unclear point for which the poles and zeros of the $S$-matrix overlaps the zeros of $zeta(z)$ and exist always in pairs and related via complex conjugation. This occurs because of the relationship between the angular momentum and energy/mass eigenvalues of Majorana states and from the analysis of the dynamics of the poles of $S$. As shown in the literature, if this occurs, then the Riemann Hypothesis can in principle be satisfied.
We apply the analogy between gravitational fields and optical media in the general relativistic geometric optics framework to describe how light can acquire orbital angular momentum (OAM) when it traverses the gravitational field of a massive rotating compact object and the interplay between OAM and polarization. Kerr spacetimes are known not only to impose a gravitational Faraday rotation on the polarization of a light beam, but also to set a characteristic fingerprint in the orbital angular momentum distribution of the radiation passing nearby a rotating black hole (BH). Kerr spacetime behaves like an inhomogeneous and anisotropic medium, in which light can acquire orbital angular momentum and spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion can occur, acting as a polarization and phase changing medium for the gravitationally lensed light, as confirmed by the data analysis of M87* black hole.
In a recent work, Boyle, Finn and Turok hypothesized a model of universe that does not violate the CPT-symmetry as alternative for inflation. With this approach they described the birth of the Universe from a pair of universes, one the CPT image of the other, living in pre- and post-big bang epochs. The CPT-invariance strictly constrains the vacuum states of the quantized fields, with notable consequences on the cosmological scenarios. Here we examine the validity of this proposal by adopting the point of view of archaic cosmology, based on de Sitter projective relativity, with an event-based reading of quantum mechanics, which is a consequence of the relationship between the universal information reservoir of the archaic universe and its out-of-equilibrium state through quantum jumps. In this scenario, the big bang is caused by the instability of the original (pre)vacuum with respect to the nucleation of micro-events that represent the actual creation of particles. Finally, we compare our results with those by Turok et al., including the analytic continuation across the big bang investigated by Volovik and show that many aspects of these cosmological scenarios find a clear physical interpretation by using our approach. Moreover, in the archaic universe framework we do not have to assume a priori the CPT-invariance like in the other models of universe, it is instead a necessary consequence of the archaic vacuum structure and the nucleation process, divided into two specular universes.
Einsteins equations of general relativity (GR) can describe the connection between events within a given hypervolume of size $L$ larger than the Planck length $L_P$ in terms of wormhole connections where metric fluctuations give rise to an indetermination relationship that involves the Riemann curvature tensor. At low energies (when $L gg L_P$), these connections behave like an exchange of a virtual graviton with wavelength $lambda_G=L$ as if gravitation were an emergent physical property. Down to Planck scales, wormholes avoid the gravitational collapse and any superposition of events or space--times become indistinguishable. These properties of Einsteins equations can find connections with the novel picture of quantum gravity (QG) known as the ``Einstein--Rosen (ER)=Einstein--Podolski--Rosen (EPR) (ER = EPR) conjecture proposed by Susskind and Maldacena in Anti-de-Sitter (AdS) space--times in their equivalence with conformal field theories (CFTs). In this scenario, non-traversable wormhole connections of two or more distant events in space--time through Einstein--Rosen (ER) wormholes that are solutions of the equations of GR, are supposed to be equivalent to events connected with non-local Einstein--Podolski--Rosen (EPR) entangled states that instead belong to the language of quantum mechanics. Our findings suggest that if the ER = EPR conjecture is valid, it can be extended to other different types of space--times and that gravity and space--time could be emergent physical quantities if the exchange of a virtual graviton between events can be considered connected by ER wormholes equivalent to entanglement connections.
The Hawking-Perry-Strominger (HPS) work [1] states a new controversial idea about the black hole (BH) information paradox [2-5] where BHs maximally entropize and encode information in their event horizon area [6,7], with no hair were thought to reveal information outside but angular momentum, mass and electric charge only [8,9] in a unique quantum gravity (QG) vacuum state. This new idea invokes new conservation laws involving gravitation and electromagnetism [10,11], to generate different QG vacua and preserve more information in hair implants. In the context of black holes and the HPS proposal we find that BH photon hair implants can be spatially shaped ad hoc and encode structured and densely organized information on the event horizon involving novel aspect in the discussion a particular aspect of EM fields, namely the spatial information of the field associated to its orbital angular momentum. BHs can have curly, twisted, soft-hair implants with vorticity where structured information is holographically encoded in the event horizon in an organized way.
The search for dark matter (DM) is one of the most active and challenging areas of current research. Possible DM candidates are ultralight fields such as axions and weak interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Axions piled up in the center of stars are supposed to generate matter/DM configurations with oscillating geometries at a very rapid frequency, which is a multiple of the axion mass $m_B$ [1,2]. Borra and Trottier recently found peculiar ultrafast periodic spectral modulations in $236$ main sequence stars in the sample of $2.5$ million spectra of galactic halo stars of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey that were interpreted as optical signals from extraterrestrial civilizations, possible candidates for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) program [3]. We argue, instead, that this could be the first indirect evidence of bosonic axion-like DM fields inside main sequence stars, with a stable radiative nucleus, where a stable DM core can be hosted. These oscillations were not observed in earlier stellar spectral classes probably because of the impossibility of starting a stable oscillatory regime due to the presence of chaotic motions in their convective nuclei. The axion mass values, $(50 < m_B < 2.4 times 10^{3})~ mathrm{mu eV}$, obtained from the frequency range observed by Borra and Trottier, $(0.6077< f <0.6070$) THz, agree with the recent theoretical results from high-temperature lattice quantum chromodynamics [4,5].
It is outlined the possibility to extend the quantum formalism in relation to the requirements of the general systems theory. It can be done by using a quantum semantics arising from the deep logical structure of quantum theory. It is so possible tak
ing into account the logical openness relationship between observer and system. We are going to show how considering the truth-values of quantum propositions within the context of the fuzzy sets is here more useful for systemics . In conclusion we propose an example of formal quantum coherence.
