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We study the complete merger of two massive stars inside a common envelope and the subsequent evolution of the merger product, a rapidly rotating massive supergiant. Three qualitatively different types of mergers have been identified and investigated in detail, and the post-merger evolution has been followed to the immediate presupernova stage. The ``quiet merger case does not lead to significant changes in composition, and the star remains a red supergiant. In the case of a ``moderate merger, the star may become a blue supergiant and end its evolution as a blue supergiant, depending on the core to total mass ratio (as may be appropriate for the progenitor of SN 1987A). In the case of the most effective ``explosive merger, the merger product stays a red giant. In last two cases, the He abundance in the envelope is increased drastically, but significant s-processing is mainly expected in the ``explosive merger case.
Accurate mass-loss rates and terminal velocities from massive stars winds are essential to obtain synthetic spectra from radiative transfer calculations and to determine the evolutionary path of massive stars. From a theoretical point of view, analyt
Even after elaborate investigations for 30 years, we still do not know well how the progenitor of SN 1987A has evolved. To explain unusual red-to-blue evolution, previous studies suggest that in a red giant stage either the increase of surface He abu
Using deep infrared observations conducted with the CISCO imager on the Subaru Telescope, we investigate the field-corrected pair fraction and the implied merger rate of galaxies in redshift survey fields with Hubble Space Telescope imaging. In the r
The Medusa (NGC 4194) is a well-studied nearby galaxy with the disturbed appearance of a merger and evidence for ongoing star formation. In order to test whether it could be the result of an interaction between a gas-rich disk-like galaxy and a large
We present a detailed investigation into the properties of GW170729, the gravitational wave with the most massive and distant source confirmed to date. We employ an extensive set of waveform models, including new improved models that incorporate the