ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
We consider a macroscopic system in contact with boundary reservoirs and/or under the action of an external field. We discuss the case in which the external forcing depends explicitly on time and drives the system from a nonequilibrium state to another one. In this case the amount of energy dissipated along the transformation becomes infinite when an unbounded time window is considered. Following the general proposal by Oono and Paniconi and using results of the macroscopic fluctuation theory, we give a natural definition of a renormalized work. We then discuss its thermodynamic relevance by showing that it satisfies a Clausius inequality and that quasi static transformations minimize the renormalized work. In addition, we connect the renormalized work to the quasi potential describing the fluctuations in the stationary nonequilibrium ensemble. The latter result provides a characterization of the quasi potential that does not involve rare fluctuations.
We investigate the dynamics of single microparticles immersed in water that are driven out of equilibrium in the presence of an additional external colored noise. As a case study, we trap a single polystyrene particle in water with optical tweezers a
The main subject of the thesis is the study of stationary nonequilibrium states trough the use of microscopic stochastic models that encode the physical interaction in the rules of Markovian dynamics for particles configurations. These models are kno
Many interesting phenomena in nature are described by stochastic processes with irreversible dynamics. To model these phenomena, we focus on a master equation or a Fokker-Planck equation with rates which violate detailed balance. When the system sett
Laser technology has developed and accelerated photo-induced nonequilibrium physics from both scientific and engineering viewpoints. The Floquet engineering, i.e., controlling material properties and functionalities by time-periodic drives, is a fore
We study asymmetric exclusion processes (TASEP) on a nonuniform one-dimensional ring consisting of two segments having unequal hopping rates, or {em defects}. We allow weak particle nonconservation via Langmuir kinetics (LK), that are parameterised b