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A scheme to perform the Cartan decomposition for the Lie algebra su(N) of arbitrary finite dimensions is introduced. The schme is based on two algebraic structures, the conjugate partition and the quotient algebra, that are easily generated by a Cartan subalgebra and generally exist in su(N). In particular, the Lie algebras su(2^p) and every su(2^{p-1} < N < 2^p) share the isomorphic structure of the quotient algebra. This structure enables an efficient algorithm for the recursive and exhaustive construction of Cartan decompositions. Further with the scheme, a unitary transformation in SU(N) can be recursively decomposed into a product of certain designated operators, e.g., local and nonlocal gates. Such a recursive decomposition of a transformation implies an evolution path on the manifold of the group.
An algebraic structure, Quotient Algebra Partition or QAP, is introduced in a serial of articles. The structure QAP is universal to Lie Algebras and enables algorithmic and exhaustive Cartan decompositions. The first episode draws the simplest form o
Else from the quotient algebra partition considered in the preceding episodes, two kinds of partitions on unitary Lie algebras are created by nonabelian bi-subalgebras. It is of interest that there exists a partition duality between the two kinds of
In the 3rd episode of the serial exposition, quotient algebra partitions of rank zero earlier introduced undergo further partitions generated by bi-subalgebras of higher ranks. The refin
This is the sequel exposition following [1]. The framework quotient algebra partition is rephrased in the language of the s-representation. Thanks to this language, a quotient algebra partition of the simplest form is established under a minimum numb
A complementary group to SU(n) is found that realizes all features of the Littlewood rule for Kronecker products of SU(n) representations. This is accomplished by considering a state of SU(n) to be a special Gelfand state of the complementary group {