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تسجيل مستخدم جديدMuons from strangelets
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The hypothesis is discussed that muon bundles of extremaly high multiplicity observed recently by ALEPH detector (in the dedicated cosmic-ray run) can originate from the strangelets colliding with the atmosphere.
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We discuss the possible imprints of strangelets (i.e., lumps of Strange Quark Matter) in Chacaltaya experimental data using model of propagation of such objects through the atmosphere developed by us recently.
In this thesis is studied three of the fundamental properties of clusters of matter made of quarks u, d and s called strangelets: the energy per baryon, the radius and the electric charge, all in the presence of intense magnetic fields and finite tem
perature. Two cases will take our attention: unpaired phase strangelets, where there is no restriction to the number of flavors of quarks, and a particular case of the color superconducting phase, where exists a restriction to the quark numbers and an additional energy gap. We study the stability of strangelets, measured by the energy per baryon, to compare later with that of the 56Fe : the most stable isotope known in nature. We employ the Liquid Drop formalism of the Bag Model MIT to describe the interaction between quarks. We conclude that the field effects tend to decrease the energy per baryon of strangelets and temperature produces the opposite effect. It is also shown that strangelets in the color superconducting phase are more stable than those in the unpaired phase for an energy gap of about 100MeV. The radius of strangelets shows an analogous behavior with the baryon number, as that of the nuclei, and shows small variations with the magnetic field and temperature. It is obtained that the presence of magnetic fields modify the values of the electric charge regarding the non-magnetized case, being these higher (lower) for strangelets in the unpaired phase (superconducting).
We investigate, at both zero and finite temperature, the properties of strangelets versus the electric charge Z and strangeness S. The strangelet radius is not a monotonic function of either charge or strangeness, and a minimum is reached in the (Z,
S) plane. However, the thermodynamically stable strangelets do not correspond to the radius minimum. The minimum radius always appears at positive strangeness, while the stable radius may appear at negative strangeness for very small baryon numbers. For large baryon numbers, the stable radius is proportional to the cubic root of baryon numbers, but inversely proportional to the square root of the confinement parameter in the present model. If bulk strange quark matter is absolutely stable, the reduced size of strangelets is about 1 fm, which may be relevant for the analysis of the strangelet production and detection.
The results of LSND and MiniBooNE, along with the recent papers on a possible reactor neutrino flux anomaly give tantalizing hints of new physics. Models beyond the neutrino-SM have been developed to explain these results and involve one or more addi
tional neutrinos that are non-interacting or sterile. Neutrino beams produced from the decay of muons in a racetrack-like decay ring provide a powerful way to study this potential new physics. In this Letter of Intent, we describe a facility, nuSTORM, Neutrinos from STORed Muons, and an appropriate far detector for neutrino oscillation searches at short baseline. We present sensitivity plots that indicated that this experimental approach can provide over 10 sigma confirmation or rejection of the LSND/MinBooNE results. In addition we indicate how the facility can be used to make precision neutrino interaction cross section measurements important to the next generation of long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.
Atmospheric muons are one of the main backgrounds for current Water- and Ice-Cherenkov neutrino telescopes designed to detect astrophysical neutrinos. The inclusive fluxes of atmospheric muons and neutrinos from hadronic interactions of cosmic rays h
ave been extensively studied with Monte Carlo and cascade equation methods, for example, CORSIKA and MCEq. However, the muons that are pair produced in electromagnetic interaction of high energy photons are quantitatively not well understood. We present new simulation results and assess the model dependencies of the high-energy atmospheric muon flux including those from electromagnetic interactions, using a new numerical electromagnetic cascade equation solver EmCa that can be easily coupled with the hadronic solver MCEq. Both codes are in active development with the particular aim to become part of the next generation CORSIKA 8 air shower simulation package. The combination of EmCa and MCEq accounts for material effects that have not been previously included in most of the available codes. Hence, the influence of these effects on the air showers will also be briefly discussed.
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