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A two dimensional crystalline layer is found at the surface of the liquid eutectic Au$_{82}$Si$_{18}$ alloy above its melting point $T_M=359 ^{circ}$C. Underlying this crystalline layer we find a layered structure, 6-7 atomic layers thick. This surface layer undergoes a first-order solid-solid phase transition occurring at $371 ^{circ}$C. The crystalline phase observed for T$>$371 $^{circ}$C is stable up to at least 430 $^{circ}$C. Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction data at T$>$371 $^{circ}$C imply lateral order comprising two coexisting phases of different oblique unit cells, in stark contrast with the single phase with a rectangular unit cell found for low-temperature crystalline phase $359 ^{circ}$C$<T<371 ^{circ}$C.
Resonant x-ray reflectivity of the surface of the liquid phase of the Bi$_{43}$Sn$_{57}$ eutectic alloy reveals atomic-scale demixing extending over three near-surface atomic layers. Due to the absence of underlying atomic lattice which typically def
We present thermodynamic relationships between the free energy of the phase-field crystal (PFC) model and thermodynamic state variables for bulk phases under hydrostatic pressure. This relationship is derived based on the thermodynamic formalism for
Nanoparticles made of non-noble metals such as gallium have recently attracted significant attention due to promising applications in UV plasmonics. To date, experiments have mostly focused on solid and liquid pure gallium particles immobilized on so
We present the first resonant x-ray reflectivity measurements from a liquid surface. The surface structure of the liquid Hg-Au alloy system just beyond the solubility limit of 0.14at% Au in Hg had previously been shown to exhibit a unique surface pha
The neural-network interatomic potential for crystalline and liquid Si has been developed using the forward stepwise regression technique to reduce the number of bases with keeping the accuracy of the potential. This approach of making the neural-net