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Drug resistance to HIV-1 Protease involves accumulation of multiple mutations in the protein. Here we investigate the role of these mutations by using molecular dynamics simulations which exploit the influence of the native-state topology in the folding process. Our calculations show that sites contributing to phenotypic resistance of FDA-approved drugs are among the most sensitive positions for the stability of partially folded states and should play a relevant role in the folding process. Furthermore, associations between amino acid sites mutating under drug treatment are shown to be statistically correlated. The striking correlation between clinical data and our calculations suggest a novel approach to the design of drugs tailored to bind regions crucial not only for protein function but also for folding.
We develop a theoretical approach to the protein folding problem based on out-of-equilibrium stochastic dynamics. Within this framework, the computational difficulties related to the existence of large time scale gaps in the protein folding problem a
Current all-atom potential based molecular dynamics (MD) allow the identification of a proteins functional motions on a wide-range of time-scales, up to few tens of ns. However, functional large scale motions of proteins may occur on a time-scale cur
A theoretical model for the folding of proteins containing disulfide bonds is introduced. The model exploits the knowledge of the native state to favour the progressive establishment of native interactions. At variance with traditional approaches bas
An exactly solvable model based on the topology of a protein native state is applied to identify bottlenecks and key-sites for the folding of HIV-1 Protease. The predicted sites are found to correlate well with clinical data on resistance to FDA-appr
The dynamics of dissipative soft-sphere gases obeys Newtons equation of motion which are commonly solved numerically by (force-based) Molecular Dynamics schemes. With the assumption of instantaneous, pairwise collisions, the simulation can be acceler