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We report results from 2 1/2 yr of high precision radial velocity (RV) monitoring of Barnards star. The high RV measurement precision of the VLT-UT2+UVES of 2.65 m/s made the following findings possible. (1) The first detection of the change in the RV of a star caused by its space motion (RV secular acceleration). (2) An anti-correlation of the measured RV with the strength of the filling-in of the Halpha line by emission. (3) Very stringent mass upper limits to planetary companions. Using only data from the first 2 years, we obtain a best-fit value for the RV secular acceleration of 5.15+/-0.89 m/s/yr. This agrees with the predicted value of 4.50 m/s/yr based on the Hipparcos proper motion and parallax combined with the known absolute radial velocity of the star. When the RV data of the last half-year are added the best-fit slope is strongly reduced to 2.97+/-0.51 m/s/yr suggesting the presence of additional RV variability in the star. Part of it can be attributed to stellar activity as we demonstrate by correlating the residual RVs with an index that describes the filling-in of the Halpha line by emission. A correlation coefficient of -0.50 indicates that the appearance of active regions causes a blueshift of photospheric absorption lines. Assuming that active regions basically inhibit convection we discuss the possibility that the fundamental (inactive) convection pattern in this M4V star produces a convective redshift. We also determine upper limits to the projected mass msini and to the true mass m of hypothetical planetary companions in circular orbits. For the separation range 0.017-0.98 AU we exclude any planet with msini>0.12 Mjupiter and m>0.86 Mjupiter. Throughout the habitable zone, i.e. 0.034-0.082 AU, we exclude planets with msini>7.5 Mearth and m>3.1 Mneptune.
We investigate the radial velocity variation of GJ 581 based on measurements from the HARPS and Keck HIRES spectrographs. A Fourier pre-whitening procedure is able to extract four planetary signals in the HARPS data and two from the Keck data. Combin
We report initial results from our long term search using precision radial velocities for planetary-mass companions located within a few AU of stars younger than the Sun. Based on a sample of >150 stars, we define a floor in the radial velocity scatt
We report on H-band, ground-based observations of a transit of the hot Neptune GJ 436b. Once combined to achieve sampling equivalent to archived observations taken with Spitzer, our measurements reach comparable precision levels. We analyze both sets
Accounting for stellar activity is a crucial component of the search for ever-smaller planets orbiting stars of all spectral types. We use Doppler imaging methods to demonstrate that starspot induced radial velocity variability can be effectively red
Stellar activity due to different processes (magnetic activity, photospheric flows) affects the measurement of radial velocities (RV). Radial velocities have been widely used to detect exoplanets, although the stellar signal significantly impacts the