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Advances in vectorial polarisation-resolved imaging are bringing new capabilities to applications ranging from fundamental physics through to clinical diagnosis. Imaging polarimetry requires determination of the Mueller matrix (MM) at every point, providing a complete description of an objects vectorial properties. Despite forming a comprehensive representation, the MM does not usually provide easily-interpretable information about the objects internal structure. Certain simpler vectorial metrics are derived from subsets of the MM elements. These metrics permit extraction of signatures that provide direct indicators of hidden optical properties of complex systems, while featuring an intriguing asymmetry about what information can or cannot be inferred via these metrics. We harness such characteristics to reveal the spin-Hall effect of light, infer microscopic structure within laser-written photonic waveguides, and conduct rapid pathological diagnosis through analysis of healthy and cancerous tissue. This provides new insight for the broader usage of such asymmetric inferred vectorial information.
Nonlinear optical generation has been a well-established way to realize frequency conversion in nonlinear optics, whereas previous studies were just focusing on the scalar light fields. Here we report a concise yet efficient experiment to realize fre
Optical aberrations have been studied for centuries, placing fundamental limits on the achievable resolution in focusing and imaging. In the context of structured light, the spatial pattern is distorted in amplitude and phase, often arising from opti
Research on spatially-structured light has seen an explosion in activity over the past decades, powered by technological advances for generating such light, and driven by questions of fundamental science as well as engineering applications. In this r
An electrical pulse E(t) is completely defined by its time-dependent amplitude and polarisation direction. For optical pulses the manipulation and characterisation of the light polarisation state is fundamental due to its relevance in several scienti
Phase, polarization, amplitude and frequency represent the basic dimensions of light, playing crucial roles for both fundamental light-mater interactions and all major optical applications. Metasurface emerges as a compact platform to manipulate thes