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Using machine learning in clinical practice poses hard requirements on explainability, reliability, replicability and robustness of these systems. Therefore, developing reliable software for monitoring critically ill patients requires close collaboration between physicians and software engineers. However, these two different disciplines need to find own research perspectives in order to contribute to both the medical and the software engineering domain. In this paper, we address the problem of how to establish a collaboration where software engineering and medicine meets to design robust machine learning systems to be used in patient care. We describe how we designed software systems for monitoring patients under carotid endarterectomy, in particular focusing on the process of knowledge building in the research team. Our results show what to consider when setting up such a collaboration, how it develops over time and what kind of systems can be constructed based on it. We conclude that the main challenge is to find a good research team, where different competences are committed to a common goal.
Representative sampling appears rare in empirical software engineering research. Not all studies need representative samples, but a general lack of representative sampling undermines a scientific field. This article therefore reports a systematic rev
Federated learning is an emerging machine learning paradigm where clients train models locally and formulate a global model based on the local model updates. To identify the state-of-the-art in federated learning and explore how to develop federated
Deep learning (DL) techniques have gained significant popularity among software engineering (SE) researchers in recent years. This is because they can often solve many SE challenges without enormous manual feature engineering effort and complex domai
In 2006, Geoffrey Hinton proposed the concept of training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and an improved model training method to break the bottleneck of neural network development. More recently, the introduction of AlphaGo in 2016 demonstrated the pow
Given the current transformative potential of research that sits at the intersection of Deep Learning (DL) and Software Engineering (SE), an NSF-sponsored community workshop was conducted in co-location with the 34th IEEE/ACM International Conference