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During 2015, the southwest monsoon (SWM) rainfall over the country remained deficient with seasonal rainfall of about 86% of the long period average (Table 1.1). Last year, the seasonal rainfall deficiency over the country as a whole was 12% (www.imd.gov.in). Thus, this is a fourth episode of two consecutive years, with deficient monsoon, similar to 1904-05, 1965-66 and 1986-87 (www.imd.gov.in).
The initiation of the Indian summer monsoon circulation during late May / early June arises through large-scale land-sea thermal contrast and setting up of negative pressure gradient between the Monsoon Trough over the Indo-Gangetic plains and the Ma
Accurate short range weather forecasting has significant implications for various sectors. Machine learning based approaches, e.g., deep learning, have gained popularity in this domain where the existing numerical weather prediction (NWP) models stil
Large-eddy simulation (LES) is able to capture key boundary-layer (BL) turbulence and cloud processes. Yet, large-scale forcing and surface turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat are often poorly constrained for LES simulations. We derive these
Large socio-economic impact of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) extremes motivated numerous attempts at its long range prediction over the past century. However, a rather estimated low potential predictability limit (PPL) of seasonal prediction of the
Assessing and managing the impact of large-scale epidemics considering only the individual risk and severity of the disease is exceedingly difficult and could be extremely expensive. Economic consequences, infrastructure and service disruption, as we