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تسجيل مستخدم جديدNICER Observation of the Temporal and Spectral Evolution of Swift J1818.0-1607: a Missing Link between Magnetars and Rotation Powered Pulsars
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We report on the hard X-ray burst and the first ~100 days NICER monitoring of the soft X-ray temporal and spectral evolution of the newly-discovered magnetar Swift J1818.0-1607. The burst properties are typical of magnetars with a duration of $T_{90}=10pm4$ ms and a temperature of $kT=8.4pm0.7$ keV. The 2--8 keV pulse shows a broad, single peak profile with a pulse fraction increasing with time from 30% to 43%. The NICER observations reveal strong timing noise with $dot{ u}$ varying erratically by a factor of 10, with an average long-term spin-down rate of $dot{ u}=(-2.48pm0.03)times10^{-11}$~s$^{-2}$, implying an equatorial surface magnetic field of $2.5times10^{14}$ G and a young characteristic age of $sim$470 yr. We detect a large spin-up glitch at MJD 58928.56 followed by a candidate spin-down glitch at MJD 58934.81, with no accompanying flux enhancements. The persistent soft X-ray spectrum of Swift~J1818.0-1607 can be modeled as an absorbed blackbody with a temperature of ~1 keV. Its flux decayed by ~60% while the modeled emitting area decreased by ~30% over the NICER observing campaign. This decrease, coupled with the increase in the pulse fraction points to a shrinking hot spot on the neutron star surface. Assuming a distance of 6.5 kpc, we measure a peak X-ray luminosity of $1.9times10^{35}$ erg/s, lower than its spin-down luminosity of $7.2times10^{35}$ erg/s. Its quiescent thermal luminosity is $lesssim 1.7times10^{34}$ erg/s, lower than those of canonical young magnetars. We conclude that Swift J1818.0-1607 is an important link between regular magnetars and high magnetic field rotation powered pulsars.
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Swift J1818.0-1607 is a new radio-loud magnetar discovered by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope on 2020 March 12. It has a magnetic field B~2.5e14 G, spin-down luminosity of 7.2e35 ergs/s, and characteristic age of ~470yr. Here we report on the Chandra
observations of Swift J1818.0-1607, which allowed for a high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic study of the magnetar and its environment. The 1-10 keV spectrum of the magnetar is best described by a single blackbody model with a temperature of 1.2pm0.1 keV and an unabsorbed flux of 1.9e-11 ergs/cm^2/s. This implies an X-ray luminosity of ~9.6e34 ergs/s and an efficiency of ~0.13 at a distance of 6.5 kpc. The Chandra image also shows faint diffuse emission out to >10 from the magnetar, with its spectrum adequately described by a powerlaw with a photon index of 2.0pm0.5 and a luminosity of ~8.1e33 ergs/s. The extended emission is likely dominated by a dust scattering halo and future observations of the source in quiescence will reveal any underlying compact wind nebula. We conclude that Swift J1818.0-1607 is a transient source showing properties between high-B pulsars and magnetars, and could be powered at least partly by its high spin-down similar to the rotation-powered pulsars.
NICER observed several rotation-powered millisecond pulsars to search for or confirm the presence of X-ray pulsations. When broad and sine-like, these pulsations may indicate thermal emission from hot polar caps at the magnetic poles on the neutron s
tar surface. We report confident detections ($ge4.7sigma$ after background filtering) of X-ray pulsations for five of the seven pulsars in our target sample: PSR J0614-3329, PSR J0636+5129, PSR J0751+1807, PSR J1012+5307, and PSR J2241-5236, while PSR J1552+5437 and PSR J1744-1134 remain undetected. Of those, only PSR J0751+1807 and PSR J1012+5307 had pulsations previously detected at the 1.7$sigma$ and almost 3$sigma$ confidence levels, respectively, in XMM-Newton data. All detected sources exhibit broad sine-like pulses, which are indicative of surface thermal radiation. As such, these MSPs are promising targets for future X-ray observations aimed at constraining the neutron star mass-radius relation and the dense matter equation of state using detailed pulse profile modeling. Furthermore, we find that three of the detected millisecond pulsars exhibit a significant phase offset between their X-ray and radio pulses.
Swift J1818.0-1607 discovered in early 2020 is not only the fifth magnetar known with periodic radio pulsations but also the fastest rotating one. Simultaneous 2.25 and 8.60 GHz observations of Swift J1818.0-1607 were carried out with Shanghai Tian M
a Radio Telescope (TMRT) from MJD 58936 to 59092. The spin-frequency $ u$ and first-order derivative $dot u$ of this magnetar were obtained with piecewise fitting method because of its instable timing properties. We found that the amplitude of short-term $dot u$ fluctuations decreased with time, and the long-term declining trend of $ u$ discovered previously continued in our observations. The best fitted long-term $dot u$ were about $-2.25 times 10^{-11}~s^{-2}$ using our observation data spanning 156 days. The derived characteristic age was about 522 yr, supporting the recent viewpoint that this magnetar may be older than initially thought shortly after its discovery. The flux density of this magnetar was increased at both 2.25 and 8.60 GHz during our observations, and its radio spectrum became flatter at the same time. We also detected bright-quiet type emission mode switching in Swift J1818.0-1607.
We report on multi-frequency radio observations of the new magnetar Swift J1818.0-1607, following it for more than one month with high cadence. The observations commenced less than 35 hours after its registered first outburst. We obtained timing, pol
arisation and spectral information. Swift J1818.0-1607 has an unusually steep spectrum for a radio emitting magnetar and also has a relatively narrow and simple pulse profile. The position angle swing of the polarisation is flat over the pulse profile, possibly suggesting that our line-of-sight grazes the edge of the emission beam. This may also explain the steep spectrum. The spin evolution shows large variation in the spin-down rate, associated with four distinct timing events over the course of our observations. Those events may be related to the appearance and disappearance of a second pulse component. The first timing event coincides with our actual observations, while we did not detect significant changes in the emission properties which could reveal further magnetospheric changes. Characteristic ages inferred from the timing measurements over the course of months vary by nearly an order of magnitude. A longer-term spin-down measurement over approximately 100 days suggests an characteristic age of about 500 years, larger than previously reported. Though Swift J1818.0-1607 could still be one of the youngest neutron stars (and magnetars) detected so far, we caution using the characteristic age as a true-age indicator given the caveats behind its calculation.
In the last 25 years, a new generation of X-ray satellites imparted a significant leap forward in our knowledge of X-ray pulsars. The discovery of accreting and transitional millisecond pulsars proved that disk accretion can spin up a neutron star to
a very high rotation speed. The detection of MeV-GeV pulsed emission from a few hundreds of rotation-powered pulsars probed particle acceleration in the outer magnetosphere, or even beyond. Also, a population of two dozens of magnetars has emerged. INTEGRAL played a central role to achieve these results by providing instruments with high temporal resolution up to the hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray band and a large field of view imager with good angular resolution to spot hard X-ray transients. In this article, we review the main contributions by INTEGRAL to our understanding of the pulsating hard X-ray sky, such as the discovery and characterization of several accreting and transitional millisecond pulsars, the generation of the first catalog of hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray rotation-powered pulsars, the detection of polarization in the hard X-ray emission from the Crab pulsar, and the discovery of persistent hard X-ray emission from several magnetars.
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