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We reconsider the question of electric charge quantization, which leads to the existence of a dark charge nontrivially unified with weak isospin in a novel gauge symmetry, $SU(3)_Cotimes SU(2)_Lotimes U(1)_Yotimes U(1)_N$, where $Y$ and $N$ determine the electric and dark charges, respectively. The new model provides neutrino masses and dark matter appropriately, a direct consequence of the dark dynamics. We diagonalize the fermion, scalar, and gauge sectors as well as obtain relevant interactions, taking into account the kinetic mixing of $U(1)_{Y,N}$ gauge bosons. The new physics signals at colliders are examined. The dark matter observables are discussed.
The meson cloud distributions in $r$-space are extracted from the nucleon electromagnetic and axial form factors which are derived in the perturbative chiral quark model. The theoretical results indicate that the electric charge and axial charge dist
We classify the meson and baryon long lived resonances considering quarks with electric charge 5/3 and $-4/3$ (in units of $vert evert$) predicted by some 3-3-1 models. Some of these exotic resonances have the usual electric charges $0,pm1$, others h
Exact expression is obtained for the differential cross section of elastic electroweak scattering of longitudinal polarized massive Dirac neutrinos with the electric charge and anomalous magnetic moment on a spinless nucleus. This formula contains al
The ALPHA collaboration has successfully demonstrated the production and the confinement of cold antihydrogen, $overline{mathrm{H}}$. An analysis of trapping data allowed a stringent limit to be placed on the electric charge of the simplest antiatom.
We solve the Wigner equation for massless spin-1/2 charged fermions near global equilibrium. The Wigner function can be obtained order by order in the power expansion of the vorticity and electromagnetic field. The Wigner function has been derived up