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The strong coupling constant $1/g^2$ and the vacuum angle $theta$ of the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory are investigated in the infrared limit under the renormalization group flow. It is shown that the theory has an infrared attractive fixed point at $1/g^2 = theta = ,0$, which leads to linear confinement and naturally solves the strong CP problem. In particular, any initial value of $theta eq 0$ is found to be driven to $theta = 0$ at macroscopic distances, where quarks and gluons freeze into hadrons by the confinement mechanism.
A general discussion is presented of the possible symmetries responsible for confinement of color and of their evidence in lattice simulations. The consequences on the phase diagram of $QCD$ are also analyzed.
The infamous strong CP problem in particle physics can in principle be solved by a massless up quark. In particular, it was hypothesized that topological effects could substantially contribute to the observed nonzero up-quark mass without reintroduci
Some aspects are discussed of the mechanism of color confinement in QCD by condensation of magnetic monopoles in the vacuum.
The long standing problem is solved why the number and the location of monopoles observed in Lattice configurations depend on the choice of the gauge used to detect them, in contrast to the obvious requirement that monopoles, as physical objects, mus
To check the dual superconductor picture for the quark-confinement mechanism, we evaluate monopole dominance as well as Abelian dominance of quark confinement for both quark-antiquark and three-quark systems in SU(3) quenched lattice QCD in the maxim