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Adhesive cell-substrate interactions are crucial for cell motility and are responsible for the necessary traction that propels cells. These interactions can also change the shape of the cell, analogous to liquid droplet wetting on adhesive substrates. To address how these shape changes affect cell migration and cell speed we model motility using deformable, 2D cross-sections of cells in which adhesion and frictional forces between cell and substrate can be varied separately. Our simulations show that increasing the adhesion results in increased spreading of cells and larger cell speeds. We propose an analytical model which shows that the cell speed is inversely proportional to an effective height of the cell and that increasing this height results in increased internal shear stress. The numerical and analytical results are confirmed in experiments on motile eukaryotic cells.
Collective cell migration is crucial in many biological processes such as wound healing, tissue morphogenesis, and tumor progression. The leading front of a collective migrating epithelial cell layer often destabilizes into multicellular finger-like
In embryonic development, programmed cell shape changes are essential for building functional organs, but in many cases the mechanisms that precisely regulate these changes remain unknown. We propose that fluid-like drag forces generated by the motio
Myxococcus xanthus is a model organism for studying bacterial social behaviors due to its ability to form complex multi-cellular structures. Knowledge of M. xanthus surface gliding motility and the mechanisms that coordinate it are critically importa
Bacteria have remarkably robust cell shape control mechanisms. For example, cell diameter only varies by a few percent across a population. MreB is necessary for establishment and maintenance of rod shape although the mechanism of shape control remai
Cellular decision making allows cells to assume functionally different phenotypes in response to microenvironmental cues, without genetic change. It is an open question, how individual cell decisions influence the dynamics at the tissue level. Here,