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We show how any flavour conserving $Z$ model can be made flavour violating and non-universal by introducing mass mixing of quarks and leptons with a fourth family of vector-like fermions with non-universal $Z$ couplings. After developing a general formalism, we focus on two concrete examples, namely a fermiophobic model, and an $SO(10)$ GUT model, and show how they can account for the anomalous $B$ decay ratios $R_K$ and $R_{K^*}$. A similar analysis could be performed for $B-L$ models, $E_6$ models, composite models, and so on.
We further investigate the case where new physics in the form of a massive $Z^prime$ particle explains apparent measurements of lepton flavour non-universality in $B rightarrow K^{(ast)} l^+ l^-$ decays. Hadron collider sensitivities for direct produ
The flavorful $Z^prime$ model with its couplings restricted to the left-handed second generation leptons and third generation quarks can potentially resolve the observed anomalies in $R_K$ and $R_{K^*}$. After examining the current limits on this mod
We study UV-complete Froggatt-Nielsen-like models for the generation of mass and mixing hierarchies, assuming that the integrated heavy fields are chiral with respect to an abelian Froggatt-Nielsen symmetry. It modifies the mixed anomalies with respe
We identify a single six-dimensional effective operator $O_{ellell}$ that can account for the Cabibbo angle anomaly naturally, without any tension with the electroweak precision observables. The renormalization group running of $O_{ell ell}$ yields t
The LHCb measurements of the $mu / e$ ratio in $B to K ell ell$ decays $(R_{K^{}})$ indicate a deficit with respect to the Standard Model prediction, supporting earlier hints of lepton universality violation observed in the $R_{K^{(*)}}$ ratio. Possi