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A general theory of the onset and development of the plasmoid instability is formulated by means of a principle of least time. The scaling relations for the final aspect ratio, transition time to rapid onset, growth rate, and number of plasmoids are derived, and shown to depend on the initial perturbation amplitude $left({hat w}_0right)$, the characteristic rate of current sheet evolution $left(1/tauright)$, and the Lundquist number $left(Sright)$. They are not simple power laws, and are proportional to $S^{alpha} tau^{beta} left[ln f(S,tau,{hat w}_0)right]^sigma$. The detailed dynamics of the instability is also elucidated, and shown to comprise of a period of quiescence followed by sudden growth over a short time scale.
Axisymmetric current-carrying plasmoids are formed in the presence of nonaxisymmetric fluctuations during nonlinear three-dimensional resistive MHD simulations in a global toroidal geometry. We utilize the helicity injection technique to form an init
Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and magnetic reconnection are ubiquitous in astrophysical environments. In most situations, these processes do not occur in isolation, but interact with each other. This renders a comprehensive theory of these processes
Over the past two decades scientists have achieved a significant improvement of our understanding of the transport of energetic particles across a mean magnetic field. Due to test-particle simulations as well as powerful non-linear analytical tools o
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