ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Our three-dimensional hydro-dynamical simulations of starbursts examine the formation of superbubbles over a range of driving luminosities and mass loadings that determine superbubble growth and wind velocity. From this we determine the relationship between the velocity of a galactic wind and the power of the starburst. We find a threshold for the formation of a wind, above which the speed of the wind is not affected by grid resolution or the temperature floor of our radiative cooling. We investigate the effect two different temperature floors in our radiative cooling prescription have on wind kinematics and content. We find that cooling to $10$ K instead of to $10^4$ K increases the mass fraction of cold neutral and hot X-ray gas in the galactic wind while halving that in warm H$alpha$. Our simulations show the mass of cold gas transported into the lower halo does not depend on the starburst strength. Optically bright filaments form at the edge of merging superbubbles, or where a cold dense cloud has been disrupted by the wind. Filaments formed by merging superbubbles will persist and grow to $>400$ pc in length if anchored to a star forming complex. Filaments embedded in the hot galactic wind contain warm and cold gas that moves $300-1200$ km s$^{-1}$ slower than the surrounding wind, with the coldest gas hardly moving with respect to the galaxy. Warm and cold matter in the galactic wind show asymmetric absorption profiles consistent with observations, with a thin tail up to the wind velocity.
We calculate spectra of escaping cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated at shocks produced by expanding Galactic superbubbles powered by multiple supernovae producing a continuous energy outflow in star-forming galaxies. We solve the generalized Kompaneets eq
Using synthetic absorption lines generated from 3D hydro-dynamical simulations we explore how the velocity of a starburst-driven galactic wind correlates with the star formation rate (SFR) and SFR density. We find strong correlations until the scalin
We study the propagation of cosmic rays generated by sources residing inside superbubbles. We show that the enhanced magnetic field in the bubble wall leads to an increase of the interior cosmic ray density. Because of the large matter density in the
We use numerical simulations to analyze the evolution and properties of superbubbles (SBs), driven by multiple supernovae (SNe), that propagate into the two-phase (warm/cold), cloudy interstellar medium (ISM). We consider a range of mean background d
We present results from a deep (1 sigma = 5.7 mJy beam^{-1} per 20.8 km s^{-1} velocity channel) ^{12}CO(1-0) interferometric observation of the central 60 region of the nearby edge-on starburst galaxy NGC 2146 observed with the Nobeyama Millimeter A