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Multiferroics are materials where two or more ferroic orders coexist owing to the interplay between spin, charge, lattice and orbital degrees of freedom. The explosive expansion of multiferroics literature in recent years demon-strates the fast growing interest in this field. In these studies, the first-principles calculation has played a pioneer role in the experiment explanation, mechanism discovery and prediction of novel multiferroics or magnetoelectric materials. In this review, we discuss, by no means comprehensively, the extensive applications and successful achievements of first-principles approach in the study of multiferroicity, magnetoelectric effect and tunnel junc-tions. In particular, we introduce some our recently developed methods, e.g., the orbital selective external potential (OSEP) method, which prove to be powerful tools in the finding of mechanisms responsible for the intriguing phe-nomena occurred in multiferroics or magnetoelectric materials. We also summarize first-principles studies on three types of electric control of magnetism, which is the common goal of both spintronics and multiferroics. Our review offers in depth understanding on the origin of ferroelectricity in transition metal oxides, and the coexistence of fer-roelectricity and ordered magnetism, and might be helpful to explore novel multiferroic or magnetoelectric materi-als in the future.
Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroics exhibit cross-control capacity between magnetic and electric responses in reduced spatial domain, making them well suited for next-generation nanoscale devices; however, progress has been slow in developing material
Multiferroics are those materials with more than one ferroic order, and magnetoelectricity refers to the mutual coupling between magnetism and electricity. The discipline of multiferroicity has never been so highly active as that in the first decade
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