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تسجيل مستخدم جديدMeasurement of the Proton-Air Cross Section with Telescope Arrays Middle Drum Detector and Surface Array in Hybrid Mode
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In this work we are reporting on the measurement of the proton-air inelastic cross section $sigma^{rm inel}_{rm p-air}$ using the Telescope Array (TA) detector. Based on the measurement of the $sigma^{rm inel}_{rm p-air}$ the proton-proton cross section $sigma_{rm p-p}$ value is also determined at $sqrt{s} = 95_{-8}^{+5}$ TeV. Detecting cosmic ray events at ultra high energies with Telescope Array enables us to study this fundamental parameter that we are otherwise unable to access with particle accelerators. The data used in this report is the hybrid events observed by the Middle Drum fluorescence detector together with the surface array detector collected over five years. The value of the $sigma^{rm inel}_{rm p-air}$ is found to be equal to $567.0 pm 70.5 [{rm Stat.}] ^{+29}_{-25} [{rm Sys.}]$ mb. The total proton-proton cross section is subsequently inferred from Glauber Formalism and Block, Halzen and Stanev QCD inspired fit and is found to be equal to $170_{-44}^{+48} [{rm Stat.}] _{-17}^{+19} [{rm Sys.}] $mb.
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Previous measurements of the composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays(UHECRs) made by the High Resolution Flys Eye(HiRes) and Pierre Auger Observatory(PAO) are seemingly contradictory, but utilize different detection methods, as HiRes was a stere
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Ultra high energy cosmic rays provide the highest known energy source in the universe to measure proton cross sections. Though conditions for collecting such data are less controlled than an accelerator environment, current generation cosmic ray obse
rvatories have large enough exposures to collect significant statistics for a reliable measurement for energies above what can be attained in the lab. Cosmic ray measurements of cross section use atmospheric calorimetry to measure depth of air shower maximum ($X_{mathrm{max}}$), which is related to the primary particles energy and mass. The tail of the $X_{mathrm{max}}$ distribution is assumed to be dominated by showers generated by protons, allowing measurement of the inelastic proton-air cross section. In this work the proton-air inelastic cross section measurement, $sigma^{mathrm{inel}}_{mathrm{p-air}}$, using data observed by Telescope Arrays Black Rock Mesa and Long Ridge fluorescence detectors and surface detector array in hybrid mode is presented. $sigma^{mathrm{inel}}_{mathrm{p-air}}$ is observed to be $520.1 pm 35.8$[Stat.] $^{+25.0}_{-40}$[Sys.]~mb at $sqrt{s} = 73$ TeV. The total proton-proton cross section is subsequently inferred from Glauber formalism and is found to be $sigma^{mathrm{tot}}_{mathrm{pp}} = 139.4 ^{+23.4}_{-21.3}$ [Stat.]$ ^{+15.0}_{-24.0}$[Sys.]~mb.
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The Telescope Array observatory utilizes fluorescence detectors and surface detectors to observe air showers produced by ultra high energy cosmic rays in the Earths atmosphere. Cosmic ray events observed in this way are termed hybrid data. The depth
of air shower maximum is related to the mass of the primary particle that generates the shower. This paper reports on shower maxima data collected over 8.5 years using the Black Rock Mesa and Long Ridge fluorescence detectors in conjunction with the array of surface detectors. We compare the means and standard deviations of the observed $X_{mathrm{max}}$ distributions with Monte Carlo $X_{mathrm{max}}$ distributions of unmixed protons, helium, nitrogen, and iron, all generated using the QGSJet~II-04 hadronic model. We also perform an unbinned maximum likelihood test of the observed data, which is subjected to variable systematic shifting of the data $X_{mathrm{max}}$ distributions to allow us to test the full distributions, and compare them to the Monte Carlo to see which elements are not compatible with the observed data. For all energy bins, QGSJet~II-04 protons are found to be compatible with Telescope Array hybrid data at the 95% confidence level after some systematic $X_{mathrm{max}}$ shifting of the data. Three other QGSJet~II-04 elements are found to be compatible using the same test procedure in an energy range limited to the highest energies where data statistics are sparse.
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