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The Baryon-Lepton difference ($B-L$) is increasingly emerging as a possible new symmetry of the weak interactions of quarks and leptons as a way to understand the small neutrino masses. There is the possibility that current and future searches at colliders and in low energy rare processes may provide evidence for this symmetry. This paper provides a brief overview of the early developments that led to B-L as a possible symmetry beyond the standard model, and also discusses some recent developments.
Colour $SU(3)$ group is an exact symmetry of Quantum Chromodynamics, which describes strong interactions between quarks and gluons. Supplemented by two internal symmetries, $SU(2)$ and $U(1)$, it serves as the internal symmetry of the Standard Model,
The $Kepler$ $problem$ studies the planar motion of a point mass subject to a central force whose strength varies as the inverse square of the distance to a fixed attracting center. The orbits form a 3-parameter family of unparametrized plane curves,
In this talk, after a short overview of the history of the discovery of tetra-quarks and penta-quarks, we will discuss a possible interpretation of such states in the framework of a 40-years-old string junction picture that allows a unified QCD descr
The soft photon theorem in U(1) gauge theories with only massless charged particles has recently been shown to be the Ward identity of an infinite-dimensional asymptotic symmetry group. This symmetry group is comprised of gauge transformations which
The rare decay B to K* (to K pi) mu+ mu- is regarded as one of the crucial channels for B physics since its angular distribution gives access to many observables that offer new important tests of the Standard Model and its extensions. We point out a