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Design of nuclear materials with high radiation-tolerance has great significance1, especially for the next generation of nuclear energy systems2,3. Response of nano- and poly-crystals to irradiation depends on the radiation temperature, dose-rate and grain size4-13. However the dependencies had been studied and interpreted individually, and thus severely lacking is the ability to predict radiation performance of materials in extreme environments. Here we propose an operational window for radiation-resistant materials, which is based on a perspective of interactions among irradiation-induced interstitials, vacancies, and grain boundaries. Using atomic simulations, we find that healing grain boundaries needs much longer time than healing grain interiors. Not been noticed before, this finding suggests priority should be thereafter given to recovery of the grain boundary itself. This large disparity in healing time is reflected in the spectra of defects-recombination energy barriers by the presence of one high-barrier peak in addition to the peak of low barriers. The insight gained from the study instigates new avenues for examining the role of grain boundaries in healing the material. In particular, we sketch out the radiation-endurance window in the parameter space of temperature, dose-rate and grain size. The window helps evaluate material performance and develop resistant materials against radiation damage.
Metal nano-aerogels combine a large surface area, a high structural stability, and a high catalytic activity towards a variety of chemical reactions. The performance of such nanostructures is underpinned by the atomic-level distribution of their cons
Structural transformations at interfaces are of profound fundamental interest as complex examples of phase transitions in low-dimensional systems. Despite decades of extensive research, no compelling evidence exists for structural transformations in
The strong spin-spin exchange interaction in some low-dimensional magnetic materials can give rise to a high group velocity and thermal conductivity contribution from magnons. One example is the incommensurate layered compounds (Sr,Ca,La)14Cu24O41. T
Flexoelectricity is a type of ubiquitous and prominent electromechanical coupling, pertaining to the response of electrical polarization to mechanical strain gradients while not restricted to the symmetry of materials. However, large elastic deformat
We demonstrate a facile method to produce crystallographically textured, macroporous materials using a combination of modified ice templating and templated grain growth (TGG). The process is demonstrated on alumina and the lead-free piezoelectric mat