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We report a magneto-optical Kerr effect study of the collective magnetic response of artificial square spin ice, a lithographically-defined array of single-domain ferromagnetic islands. We find that the anisotropic inter-island interactions lead to a non-monotonic angular dependence of the array coercive field. Comparisons with micromagnetic simulations indicate that the two perpendicular sublattices exhibit distinct responses to island edge roughness, which clearly influence the magnetization reversal process. Furthermore, such comparisons demonstrate that disorder associated with roughness in the island edges plays a hitherto unrecognized but essential role in the collective behavior of these systems.
Magnetization dynamics in an artificial square spin-ice lattice made of Ni80Fe20 with magnetic field applied in the lattice plane is investigated by broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The experimentally observed dispersion shows a rich s
Artificial square spin ices are structures composed of magnetic elements arranged on a geometrically frustrated lattice and located on the sites of a two-dimensional square lattice, such that there are four interacting magnetic elements at each verte
The properties of natural and artificial assemblies of interacting elements, ranging from Quarks to Galaxies, are at the heart of Physics. The collective response and dynamics of such assemblies are dictated by the intrinsic dynamical properties of t
Two-dimensional (2D) massive Dirac electrons possess a finite Berry curvature, with Chern number $pm 1/2$, that entails both a quantized dc Hall response and a subgap full-quarter Kerr rotation. The observation of these effects in 2D massive Dirac ma
In this paper we develop the excitonic theory of Kerr rotation angle in a two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide at zero magnetic field. The finite Kerr angle is induced by the interplay between spin-orbit splitting and proximity exchan