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تسجيل مستخدم جديدPG 1553+113: five years of observations with MAGIC
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MAGIC Collaboration
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We present the results of five years (2005-2009) of MAGIC observations of the BL Lac object PG 1553+113 at very high energies (VHEs, E > 100 GeV). Power law fits of the individual years are compatible with a steady mean photon index Gamma = 4.27 $pm$ 0.14. In the last three years of data, the flux level above 150 GeV shows a clear variability (probability of constant flux < 0.001%). The flux variations are modest, lying in the range from 4% to 11% of the Crab Nebula flux. Simultaneous optical data also show only modest variability that seems to be correlated with VHE gamma ray variability. We also performed a temporal analysis of (all available) simultaneous Fermi/LAT data of PG 1553+113 above 1 GeV, which reveals hints of variability in the 2008-2009 sample. Finally, we present a combination of the mean spectrum measured at very high energies with archival data available for other wavelengths. The mean spectral energy distribution can be modeled with a one-zone Synchrotron Self Compton (SSC) model, which gives the main physical parameters governing the VHE emission in the blazar jet.
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We report simultaneous multi-frequency observations of the blazar PG 1553+113, that were carried out in March-April 2008. Optical, X-ray, high-energy (HE; greater than 100 MeV) gamma-ray, and very-high- energy (VHE; greater than 100 GeV) gamma-ray da
ta were obtained with the KVA, REM, RossiXTE/ASM, AGILE and MAGIC telescopes. This is the first simultaneous broad-band (i.e., HE+VHE) gamma-ray observation of a blazar. The source spectral energy distribution derived combining these data shows the usual double-peak shape, and is interpreted in the framework of a synchrotron-self-Compton model.
VERITAS, an array of imaging atmospheric-Cherenkov telescopes, studies blazars in the energy range between ~100 GeV and ~30 TeV. With its excellent sensitivity at these energies, and ever-deepening source exposures, VERITAS is in a position to probe
distant blazars for clear absorption signatures in their very-high-energy gamma-ray spectra due to interactions with the extragalactic background light (EBL). We discuss results from recent VERITAS observations of PG 1553+113 (z > 0.4) which have resulted in the most significant very-high-energy detection ever obtained for this source. The most recent VERITAS spectral measurements are used to place an upper limit on the source redshift of z < 0.5 at the 95% confidence level. Also discussed are the prospects of using these observations, along with those of other hard- spectrum blazars, to place constraints on the EBL.
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hours live time). The time-averaged energy spectrum, measured between 225 GeV to ~1.3 TeV, is characterized by a very steep power law (photon index of Gamma = (4.5 +- 0.3 {stat} +- 0.1 {syst}). The integral flux above 300 GeV is ~3.4% of the Crab Nebula flux and shows no evidence for any variations, on any time scale. H+K (1.45-2.45 micron) spectroscopy of PG 1553+113 was performed in March 2006 with SINFONI, an integral field spectrometer of the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. The redshift of PG 1553+113 is still unknown, as no absorption or emission lines were found.
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09$. The time-averaged integral flux above $200,$GeV measured for this period was $(1.69 pm 0.06) times 10^{-11} , mathrm{ph} , mathrm{cm}^{-2} , mathrm{s}^{-1}$, corresponding to 6.9% of the Crab Nebula flux. We also present the combined $gamma$-ray spectrum from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and VERITAS covering an energy range from 100~MeV to 560~GeV. The data are well fit by a power law with an exponential cutoff at $rm {101.9 pm 3.2 , mathrm{GeV}} $. The origin of the cutoff could be intrinsic to PG~1553+113 or be due to the $gamma$-ray opacity of our universe through pair production off the extragalactic background light (EBL). Given lower limits to the redshift of $rm z egthinspace > egthinspace 0.395$ based on optical/UV observations of PG~1553+113, the cutoff would be dominated by EBL absorption. Conversely, the small statistical uncertainties of the VERITAS energy spectrum have allowed us to provide a robust upper limit on the redshift of PG 1553+113 of $z egthinspace leq egthinspace 0.62$. A strongly-elevated mean flux of $(2.50 pm 0.14) times 10^{-11} , mathrm{ph} , mathrm{cm}^{-2} , mathrm{s}^{-1}$ (10.3% of the Crab Nebula flux) was observed during 2012, with the daily flux reaching as high as $(4.44 pm 0.71) times 10^{-11} , mathrm{ph} , mathrm{cm}^{-2} , mathrm{s}^{-1}$ (18.3% of the Crab Nebula flux) on MJD 56048. The light curve measured during the 2012 observing season is marginally inconsistent with a steady flux, giving a $chi^2$ probability for a steady flux of 0.03%.
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