A R&D project has been launched in 2009 to address fundamental methods in radiation transport simulation and revisit Geant4 kernel design to cope with new experimental requirements. The project focuses on simulation at different scales in the same ex
perimental environment: this set of problems requires new methods across the current boundaries of condensed-random-walk and discrete transport schemes. An exploration is also foreseen about exploiting and extending already existing Geant4 features to apply Monte Carlo and deterministic transport methods in the same simulation environment. An overview of this new R&D associated with Geant4 is presented, together with the first developments in progress.
Full detector simulation was among the largest CPU consumer in all CERN experiment software stacks for the first two runs of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In the early 2010s, the projections were that simulation demands would scale linearly with l
uminosity increase, compensated only partially by an increase of computing resources. The extension of fast simulation approaches to more use cases, covering a larger fraction of the simulation budget, is only part of the solution due to intrinsic precision limitations. The remainder corresponds to speeding-up the simulation software by several factors, which is out of reach using simple optimizations on the current code base. In this context, the GeantV R&D project was launched, aiming to redesign the legacy particle transport codes in order to make them benefit from fine-grained parallelism features such as vectorization, but also from increased code and data locality. This paper presents extensively the results and achievements of this R&D, as well as the conclusions and lessons learnt from the beta prototype.
We construct Boris-type schemes for integrating the motion of charged particles in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. The new solvers virtually combine the 2-step Boris procedure arbitrary n times in the Lorentz-force part, and therefore we call them
the multiple Boris solvers. Using Chebyshev polynomials, a one-step form of the new solvers is provided. The new solvers give n^2 times smaller errors, allow larger timesteps, and have a long-term stability. We present numerical tests of the new solvers, in comparison with other particle integrators.
Two theory-driven models of electron ionization cross sections, the Binary-Encounter-Bethe model and the Deutsch-Mark model, have been design and implemented; they are intended to extend the simulation capabilities of the Geant4 toolkit. The resultin
g values, along with the cross sections included in the EEDL data library, have been compared to an extensive set of experimental data, covering more than 50 elements over the whole periodic table.
The nonlinear space-charge effects play an important role in high intensity/high brightness accelerators. These effects can be self-consistently studied using multi-particle simulations. In this lecture, we will discuss the particle-in-cell method an
d the symplectic tracking model for self-consistent multi-particle simulations.
M. Augelli
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(2010)
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"Environmental Adaptability and Mutants: Exploring New Concepts in Particle Transport for Multi-Scale Simulation"
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Markus Kuster
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