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We study string gas dynamics in the early universe and seek to realize the Brandenberger - Vafa mechanism - a goal that has eluded earlier works - that singles out three or fewer spatial dimensions as the number which grow large cosmologically. Considering wound string interactions in an impact parameter picture, we show that a strong exponential suppression in the interaction rates for d > 3 spatial dimensions reflects the classical argument that string worldsheets generically intersect in at most four spacetime dimensions. This description is appropriate in the early universe if wound strings are heavy - wrapping long cycles - and diluted. We consider the dynamics of a string gas coupled to dilaton-gravity and find that a) for any number of dimensions the universe generically stays trapped in the Hagedorn regime and b) if the universe fluctuates to a radiation regime any residual winding modes are diluted enough so that they freeze-out in d > 3 large dimensions while they generically annihilate for d = 3. In this sense the Brandenberger-Vafa mechanism is operative.
Recently it was shown that the scaling dimension of the operator $phi^n$ in $lambda(barphiphi)^2$ theory may be computed semiclassically at the Wilson-Fisher fixed point in $d=4-epsilon$, for generic values of $lambda n$, and this was verified to two
The holographic principle asserts that the entropy of a system cannot exceed its boundary area in Planck units. However, conventional quantum field theory fails to describe such systems. In this Letter, we assume the existence of large $n$ extra dime
Three dimensional Einstein gravity with negative cosmological constant -1/ell^2 deformed by a gravitational Chern-Simons action with coefficient 1/mu is studied in an asymptotically AdS_3 spacetime. It is argued to violate unitary or positivity for g
In three dimensions, there exist modifications of Einsteins gravity akin to the topologically massive gravity that describe massive gravitons about maximally symmetric backgrounds. These theories are built on the three-dimensional version of the Bach
We investigate the structure of certain protected operator algebras that arise in three-dimensional N=4 superconformal field theories. We find that these algebras can be understood as a quantization of (either of) the half-BPS chiral ring(s). An impo