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We are learning much about how structure forms, in particular how clusters as nodes in the cosmic web evolve and accrete matter, and about the physical processes within these objects. In the next decade, the study of clusters will enable us to tackle important questions regarding the nature of Dark Matter and Dark Energy, how clusters co-evolve with super-massive black holes at their centers, and to advance our knowledge about fundamental plasma astrophysics. This science white paper outlines the key questions and research opportunities in cluster astrophysics that are emerging in the coming decade and beyond, and serves as an overview to other cluster related white papers.
Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effects were first proposed in the 1970s as tools to identify the X-ray emitting hot gas inside massive clusters of galaxies and obtain their velocities relative to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Yet it is only within t
Two decades after its discovery, cosmic acceleration remains the most profound mystery in cosmology and arguably in all of physics. Either the Universe is dominated by a form of dark energy with exotic physical properties not predicted by standard mo
We forecast astrophysical and cosmological parameter constraints from synergies between 21 cm intensity mapping and wide field optical galaxy surveys (both spectroscopic and photometric) over $z sim 0-3$. We focus on the following survey combinations
This document introduces the exciting and fundamentally new science and astronomy that the European New Gravitational Wave Observatory (NGO) mission (derived from the previous LISA proposal) will deliver. The mission (which we will refer to by its in
Line-Intensity Mapping is an emerging technique which promises new insights into the evolution of the Universe, from star formation at low redshifts to the epoch of reionization and cosmic dawn. It measures the integrated emission of atomic and molec