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In the $k_T$-factorization for exclusive processes, the nontrivial $k_T$-dependence of perturbative coefficients, or hard parts, is obtained by taking off-shell partons. This brings up the question of whether the $k_T$-factorization is gauge invariant. We study the $k_T$-factorization for the case $pi gamma^* to gamma$ at one-loop in a general covariant gauge. Our results show that the hard part contains a light-cone singularity that is absent in the Feynman gauge, which indicates that the $k_T$-factorization is {it not} gauge invariant. These divergent contributions come from the $k_T$-dependent wave function of $pi$ and are not related to a special process. Because of this fact the $k_T$-factorization for any process is not gauge invariant and is violated. Our study also indicates that the $k_T$-factorization used widely for exclusive B-decays is not gauge invariant and is violated.
A new method is proposed to calculate wave functions in $k_T$-factorization in cite{LiMi} as a comment about our paper cite{FMW}. We point out that the results obtained with the method are in conflict with the translation invariance and depend on the
We study exclusive production of scalar $chi_{c0}equiv chi_c(0^{++})$ and pseudoscalar $eta_c$ charmonia states in proton-proton collisions at the LHC energies. The amplitudes for $gg to chi_{c0}$ as well as for $gg to eta_c$ mechanisms are derived i
We discuss the inclusive production of jets in the central region of rapidity in the context of k_T-factorization at next-to-leading order (NLO). Calculations are performed in the Regge limit making use of the NLO BFKL results. We introduce a jet con
We compare the theoretical status and the numerical predictions of two approaches for heavy quark production in the high energy hadron collisions, namely the conventional LO parton model with collinear approximation and $k_T$-factorization approach.
We analyze two consequences of the relationship between collinear factorization and $k_t$-factorization. First, we show that the $k_t$-factorization gives a fundamental justification for the choice of the hard scale $Q^2$ done in the collinear factor