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We tested the hypothesis that the fetal-placental relationship scales allometrically and identified modifying factors. Among women delivering after 34 weeks but prior to 43 weeks gestation, 24,601 participants in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) had complete data for placental gross proportion measures, specifically, disk shape, larger and smaller disk diameters and thickness, and umbilical cord length. The allometric metabolic equation was solved for alpha and beta by rewriting PW= alpha(BW)^beta as Log (PW) = Log(alpha) + beta*Log(BW). Mean beta was 0.78+ 0.02 (range 0.66, 0.89), 104% of that predicted by a supply-limited fractal system (0.75). Gestational age, maternal age, maternal BMI, parity, smoking, socioeconomic status, infant sex, and changes in placental proportions each had independent and significant effects on alpha. Conclusions: In the CPP cohort, the placental - birth weight relationship scales to approximately 3/4 power.
We present a version of Kleibers scaling law for fetus and placenta.
Our empirical modeling suggests that deformation of placental vascular growth is associated with abnormal placental chorionic surface shape. Altered chorionic surface shape is associated with lowered placental functional efficiency. We hypothesize th
Metabolism plays a central role in cell physiology because it provides the molecular machinery for growth. At the genome-scale, metabolism is made up of thousands of reactions interacting with one another. Untangling this complexity is key to underst
The prediction and prevention of traumatic brain injury, spinal injury and general musculo-skeletal injury is a very important aspect of preventive medical science. Recently, in a series of papers, I have proposed a new coupled loading-rate hypothesi
Mathematical models of cardiac electrical excitation are increasingly complex, with multiscale models seeking to represent and bridge physiological behaviours across temporal and spatial scales. The increasing complexity of these models makes it comp