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For the initial fields of the density contrast and peculiar velocity, we theoretically calculate the differential and integral length scales, i.e., statistical measures that respectively characterize the small- and large-scale fluctuations of a random field. These length scales and the associated mass scales explain the length and mass scales observed for (1) halos of young galaxies at z > 5, (2) halos of galaxies at z = 0, and (3) the largest structures in the galaxy distribution at z = 0. We thereby discuss that such observed scales are fossil imprints of the characteristic scales of the initial fields.
Recently the numerical simulations of the process of reionization of the universe at z>6 have made a qualitative leap forward, reaching sufficient sizes and dynamic range to determine the characteristic scales of this process. This allowed making the
The structure of molecular clouds (MCs) holds important clues on the physical processes that lead to their formation and subsequent evolution. While it is well established that turbulence imprints a self-similar structure to the clouds, other process
Here we propose an optical method that use phase data of a laser beam obtained from Shack-Hartmann sensor to estimate both inner and outer scales of turbulence. The method is based on the sequential analysis of normalized correlation functions of Zer
Defining an objective boundary for a city is a difficult problem, which remains to be solved by an effective method. Recent years, new methods for identifying urban boundary have been developed by means of spatial search techniques (e.g. CCA). Howeve
We study magnitudes and temperature dependences of the electron-electron and electron-phonon interaction times which play the dominant role in the formation and relaxation of photon induced hotspot in two dimensional amorphous WSi films. The time con