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The ideal gas law of physics and chemistry says that PV = nRT. This law is a statement of the relationship between four variables (P, V, n, and T) that reflect properties of a quantity of gas in a container. The law enables us to make accurate predictions of the value of any one of the four variables from the values of the other three. The symbol R (called the molar gas constant) is the sole parameter or constant of the law. R stands for a fixed number that has been shown through experiments to equal approximately 8.314472. Eight methods are available to analyze the data from a relevant experiment to determine the value of R. These methods are specific instances of eight general methods that scientists use to determine the value(s) of the parameter(s) of a model equation of a relationship between variables. Parameter estimation is one step in the study of a relationship between variables.
We study the popular centrality measure known as effective conductance or in some circles as information centrality. This is an important notion of centrality for undirected networks, with many applications, e.g., for random walks, electrical resisto
Many time series produced by complex systems are empirically found to follow power-law distributions with different exponents $alpha$. By permuting the independently drawn samples from a power-law distribution, we present non-trivial bounds on the me
The geometric-mean method is often used to estimate the spatial resolution of a position-sensitive detector probed by tracks. It calculates the resolution solely from measured track data without using a detailed tracking simulation and without consid
We present an unbiased and robust analysis method for power-law blinking statistics in the photoluminescence of single nano-emitters, allowing us to extract both the bright- and dark-state power-law exponents from the emitters intensity autocorrelati
This paper develops an analytical and rigorous formulation of the maximum entropy generation principle. The result is suggested as the Fourth Law of Thermodynamics.