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Virtual observatories will give astronomers easy access to an unprecedented amount of data. Extracting scientific knowledge from these data will increasingly demand both efficient algorithms as well as the power of parallel computers. Nearly all efficient analyses of large astronomical datasets use trees as their fundamental data structure. Writing efficient tree-based techniques, a task that is time-consuming even on single-processor computers, is exceedingly cumbersome on massively parallel platforms (MPPs). Most applications that run on MPPs are simulation codes, since the expense of developing them is offset by the fact that they will be used for many years by many researchers. In contrast, data analysis codes change far more rapidly, are often unique to individual researchers, and therefore accommodate little reuse. Consequently, the economics of the current high-performance computing development paradigm for MPPs does not favor data analysis applications. We have therefore built a library, called Ntropy, that provides a flexible, extensible, and easy-to-use way of developing tree-based data analysis algorithms for both serial and parallel platforms. Our experience has shown that not only does our library save development time, it can also deliver excellent serial performance and parallel scalability. Furthermore, Ntropy makes it easy for an astronomer with little or no parallel programming experience to quickly scale their application to a distributed multiprocessor environment. By minimizing development time for efficient and scalable data analysis, we enable wide-scale knowledge discovery on massive datasets.
Formal verification of neural networks (NNs) is a challenging and important problem. Existing efficient complete solvers typically require the branch-and-bound (BaB) process, which splits the problem domain into sub-domains and solves each sub-domain
Tree Search (TS) is crucial to some of the most influential successes in reinforcement learning. Here, we tackle two major challenges with TS that limit its usability: textit{distribution shift} and textit{scalability}. We first discover and analyze
While the open-source software development model has led to successful large-scale collaborations in building software systems, data science projects are frequently developed by individuals or small teams. We describe challenges to scaling data scien
The current bulk materials discovery cycle has several inefficiencies from initial computational predictions through fabrication and analyses. Materials are generally evaluated in a singular fashion, relying largely on human-driven compositional choi
In this paper we present t