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تسجيل مستخدم جديدQuantum information and physics: some future directions
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John Preskill
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I consider some promising future directions for quantum information theory that could influence the development of 21st century physics. Advances in the theory of the distinguishability of superoperators may lead to new strategies for improving the precision of quantum-limited measurements. A better grasp of the properties of multi-partite quantum entanglement may lead to deeper understanding of strongly-coupled dynamics in quantum many-body systems, quantum field theory, and quantum gravity.
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We review of the interface between (theoretical) physics and information for non-experts. The origin of information as related to the notion of entropy is described, first in the context of thermodynamics then in the context of statistical mechanics.
A close examination of the foundations of statistical mechanics and the need to reconcile the probabilistic and deterministic views of the world leads us to a discussion of chaotic dynamics, where information plays a crucial role in quantifying predictability. We then discuss a variety of fundamental issues that emerge in defining information and how one must exercise care in discussing concepts such as order, disorder, and incomplete knowledge. We also discuss an alternative form of entropy and its possible relevance for nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In the final part of the paper we discuss how quantum mechanics gives rise to the very different concept of quantum information. Entirely new possibilities for information storage and computation are possible due to the massive parallel processing inherent in quantum mechanics. We also point out how entropy can be extended to apply to quantum mechanics to provide a useful measurement for quantum entanglement. Finally we make a small excursion to the interface betweeen quantum theory and general relativity, where one is confronted with an ultimate information paradox posed by the physics of Black Holes. In this review we have limited ourselves; not all relevant topics that touch on physics and information could be covered.
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Podcasts are spoken documents across a wide-range of genres and styles, with growing listenership across the world, and a rapidly lowering barrier to entry for both listeners and creators. The great strides in search and recommendation in research an
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The aim of the present paper is twofold. First, to give the main ideas behind quantum computingand quantum information, a field based on quantum-mechanical phenomena. Therefore, a shortreview is devoted to (i) quantum bits or qubits (and more general
ly qudits), the analogues of theusual bits 0 and 1 of the classical information theory, and to (ii) two characteristics of quantummechanics, namely, linearity (which manifests itself through the superposition of qubits and theaction of unitary operators on qubits) and entanglement of certain multi-qubit states (a resourcethat is specific to quantum mechanics). Second, to focus on some mathematical problems relatedto the so-called mutually unbiased bases used in quantum computing and quantum informationprocessing. In this direction, the construction of mutually unbiased bases is presented via twodistinct approaches: one based on the group SU(2) and the other on Galois fields and Galois rings.
We demonstrate that the concept of information offers a more complete description of complementarity than the traditional approach based on observables. We present the first experimental test of information complementarity for two-qubit pure states,
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