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Physicists often claim that there is an effective repulsion between fermions, implied by the Pauli principle, and a corresponding effective attraction between bosons. We examine the origins of such exchange force ideas, the validity for them, and the areas where they are highly misleading. We propose that future explanations of quantum statistics should avoid the idea of a effective force completely and replace it with more appropriate physical insights, some of which are suggested here.
Here we explore the possibility of a lower limit to velocity or velocity change which is 20 orders of magnitude smaller than the speed of light and explore the various observable signatures including those in cosmic rays and gamma ray bursts.
We derive a standard Lorentz code (SLC) of motion by exploring rigid double transformations of, so-called, master space-induced supersymmetry (MS-SUSY), subject to certain rules. The renormalizable and actually finite flat-space field theories with $
Entanglement has long stood as one of the characteristic features of quantum mechanics, yet recent developments have emphasized the importance of quantumness beyond entanglement for quantum foundations and technologies. We demonstrate that entangleme
Contrastive learning (CL) is effective in learning data representations without label supervision, where the encoder needs to contrast each positive sample over multiple negative samples via a one-vs-many softmax cross-entropy loss. However, conventi
We introduce a new method for representing the low energy subspace of a bosonic field theory on the qubit space of digital quantum computers. This discretization leads to an exponentially precise description of the subspace of the continuous theory t